@inproceedings{9980daabae1d491cbf0917efd72940b4,
title = "Vulnerabilities of Line Current Differential Relays to Cyber-Attacks",
abstract = "Being fast and highly reliable under different conditions, line current differential relays (LCDRs) are high-end protective devices that are deployed to protect DC and critical AC lines. LCDRs, however, are vulnerable to cyber attacks, since this type of relay is dependent on communication infrastructure and the global positioning system (GPS). This susceptibility may enable attackers to fool LCDRs into issuing unwarranted trip signals, and potentially to create an instability if several attacks are coordinated. Through case-studies, this paper shows how coordinated attacks against LCDRs in DC and AC networks can create a voltage collapse in the system. The case-studies are carried on the IEEE 14-bus AC network, as well as on a DC microgrid.",
keywords = "AC networks, cyber-security, DC microgrids, false data injection attack, line current differential relays, voltage instability",
author = "Amir Ameli and Aram Kirakosyan and Saleh, \{Khaled A.\} and El-Saadany, \{Ehab F.\}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Mar{\'ı}a del Carmen Plaza for excellent technical support. Also, we thank Dr. A. Colige for the generous gift of type I and III procollagens and ADAMTS2, Dr. R. Heljasvaara, for the generous gift of type XVIII collagen, and Dr. H. Sage, for type VIII collagen. This work was supported by the Margaret Early Foundation and an NIH Grant CA 77420 to MLIA, by an award from the American Heart Association to JW, and the Shriners of North America and the Arthritis Foundation to JDS. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 IEEE.; 2019 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2019 ; Conference date: 18-02-2019 Through 21-02-2019",
year = "2019",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1109/ISGT.2019.8791564",
language = "British English",
series = "2019 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2019",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
booktitle = "2019 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2019",
address = "United States",
}