Unveiling the Growth Mechanism of Ordered-Phase within Multimetallic Nanoplates

Tuning the crystal phase of alloy nanocrystals (NCs) offers an alternative way to improve their electrocatalytic performance, but, how heterometals diffuse and form ordered-phase remains unclear. Herein, for the first time, the mechanism for forming tetrametallic ordered-phase nanoplates (NPLs) is unraveled. The observations reveal that the intermetallic ordered-phase nucleates through crystallinity alteration of the seeds and then propagates by reentrant grooves. Notably, the reentrant grooves act as intermediate NCs for ordered-phase, eventually forming intermetallic PdCuIrCo NPLs. These NPLs substantially outperform for oxygen evolution reaction (221 mV at 10 mA cm⁻²) and hydrogen evolution reaction (19 mV at 10 mA cm⁻²) compared to commercial Ir/C and Pd/C catalysts in acidic media. For OER at 1.53 V versus RHE, the PdCuIrCo/C exhibits an enhanced mass activity of 9.8 A mg⁻¹_Pd+Ir (about ten times higher) than Ir/C. For HER at -0. 2 V versus RHE, PdCuIrCo/C shows a remarkable mass activity of 1.06 A mg⁻¹_Pd+Ir, which is three-fold relative to Pd/C. These improvements can be ascribed to the intermetallic ordered-structure with high-valence Ir sites and tensile-strain. This approach enabled the realization of a previously unobserved mechanism for ordered-phase NCs. Therefore, this strategy of making ordered-phase NPLs can be used in diverse heterogeneous catalysis.