Two-dimensional Nitrogenated Holey Graphene (C₂N) monolayer based glucose sensor for diabetes mellitus

Real-time monitoring of sugar molecules is crucial for diagnosis, controlling, and preventing diabetes. Here, we have proposed the potential of porous C₂N monolayer-based glucose sensor to detect the sugar molecules (glucose, fructose, and xylose) by employing the van der Waals interactions corrected first-principles density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function methods. The binding energy turns out to be −0.93 (−1.31) eV for glucose, −0.84 (−1.23) eV for fructose, and −0.81 (−1.30) eV for xylose in gas phase (aqueous medium). The Bader charge analysis reveals that the C₂N monolayer donates charge to the sugar molecules. The dimensionless electron localization function highlights that glucose, fructose, and xylose bind through physisorption. The adsorption of sugar molecules on the C₂N monolayer increases the workfunction compared to 3.54 eV (pristine C₂N) with about 2.00 eV, indicating a suppressed probability of electron mobility. The electronic transport properties of C₂N based device reveals distinct characteristics and zero-bias transmissions. The distinctive properties of the C₂N monolayer can be indexed as promising identifiers for glucose sensors to detect blood sugar.