Tuning of strong nonlinearity in radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-device meta-atoms

Ethan Zack; Daimeng Zhang; Melissa Trepanier; Jingnan Cai; Tamin Tai; Nikos Lazarides; Johanne Hizanidis; Steven M. Anlage

doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.105.044202

Tuning of strong nonlinearity in radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-device meta-atoms

Ethan Zack, Daimeng Zhang, Melissa Trepanier, Jingnan Cai, Tamin Tai, Nikos Lazarides, Johanne Hizanidis, Steven M. Anlage

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Strong nonlinearity of a self-resonant radio-frequency (rf) superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) meta-atom is explored via intermodulation (IM) measurements. Previous work in zero dc magnetic flux showed a sharp onset of IM response as the frequency sweeps through the resonance. A second onset at higher frequency was also observed, creating a prominent gap in the IM response. By extending those measurements to nonzero dc flux, different dynamics are revealed, including dc flux tunability of the aforementioned gaps and enhanced IM response near geometric resonance of the rf SQUID. These features observed experimentally are understood and analyzed theoretically through a combination of a steady-state analytical modeling and a full numerical treatment of the rf SQUID dynamics. The latter in addition predicts the presence of chaos in narrow parameter regimes. The understanding of intermodulation in rf SQUID metamaterials is important for producing low-noise amplification of microwave signals and tunable filters.

Original language	British English
Article number	044202
Journal	Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Volume	105
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.105.044202
State	Published - Apr 2022

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title = "Tuning of strong nonlinearity in radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-device meta-atoms",

abstract = "Strong nonlinearity of a self-resonant radio-frequency (rf) superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) meta-atom is explored via intermodulation (IM) measurements. Previous work in zero dc magnetic flux showed a sharp onset of IM response as the frequency sweeps through the resonance. A second onset at higher frequency was also observed, creating a prominent gap in the IM response. By extending those measurements to nonzero dc flux, different dynamics are revealed, including dc flux tunability of the aforementioned gaps and enhanced IM response near geometric resonance of the rf SQUID. These features observed experimentally are understood and analyzed theoretically through a combination of a steady-state analytical modeling and a full numerical treatment of the rf SQUID dynamics. The latter in addition predicts the presence of chaos in narrow parameter regimes. The understanding of intermodulation in rf SQUID metamaterials is important for producing low-noise amplification of microwave signals and tunable filters.",

author = "Ethan Zack and Daimeng Zhang and Melissa Trepanier and Jingnan Cai and Tamin Tai and Nikos Lazarides and Johanne Hizanidis and Anlage, {Steven M.}",

note = "Funding Information: The work at University of Maryland was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-SC0018788. We acknowledge use of facilities at the Maryland Quantum Materials Center and the Maryland NanoCenter. J.H. and N.L. acknowledge support from the General Secretariat for Research and Technology and the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (Grant No. 203). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Physical Society.",

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doi = "10.1103/PhysRevE.105.044202",

language = "British English",

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AU - Zack, Ethan

AU - Zhang, Daimeng

AU - Trepanier, Melissa

AU - Cai, Jingnan

AU - Tai, Tamin

AU - Lazarides, Nikos

AU - Hizanidis, Johanne

AU - Anlage, Steven M.

N1 - Funding Information: The work at University of Maryland was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-SC0018788. We acknowledge use of facilities at the Maryland Quantum Materials Center and the Maryland NanoCenter. J.H. and N.L. acknowledge support from the General Secretariat for Research and Technology and the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (Grant No. 203). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Physical Society.

PY - 2022/4

Y1 - 2022/4

N2 - Strong nonlinearity of a self-resonant radio-frequency (rf) superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) meta-atom is explored via intermodulation (IM) measurements. Previous work in zero dc magnetic flux showed a sharp onset of IM response as the frequency sweeps through the resonance. A second onset at higher frequency was also observed, creating a prominent gap in the IM response. By extending those measurements to nonzero dc flux, different dynamics are revealed, including dc flux tunability of the aforementioned gaps and enhanced IM response near geometric resonance of the rf SQUID. These features observed experimentally are understood and analyzed theoretically through a combination of a steady-state analytical modeling and a full numerical treatment of the rf SQUID dynamics. The latter in addition predicts the presence of chaos in narrow parameter regimes. The understanding of intermodulation in rf SQUID metamaterials is important for producing low-noise amplification of microwave signals and tunable filters.

AB - Strong nonlinearity of a self-resonant radio-frequency (rf) superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) meta-atom is explored via intermodulation (IM) measurements. Previous work in zero dc magnetic flux showed a sharp onset of IM response as the frequency sweeps through the resonance. A second onset at higher frequency was also observed, creating a prominent gap in the IM response. By extending those measurements to nonzero dc flux, different dynamics are revealed, including dc flux tunability of the aforementioned gaps and enhanced IM response near geometric resonance of the rf SQUID. These features observed experimentally are understood and analyzed theoretically through a combination of a steady-state analytical modeling and a full numerical treatment of the rf SQUID dynamics. The latter in addition predicts the presence of chaos in narrow parameter regimes. The understanding of intermodulation in rf SQUID metamaterials is important for producing low-noise amplification of microwave signals and tunable filters.

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Tuning of strong nonlinearity in radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-device meta-atoms

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