Towards standardisation of the out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles

A. X.H. Yong; A. Endruweit; A. George; D. May; Y. A. Aksoy; M. A. Ali; T. Allen; P. Baral; C. Betteridge; C. Brauner; B. Caglar; A. Chiminelli; D. Cracknell; L. Dame; J. Dittmann; C. Dransfeld; S. Drapier; J. A. García Manrique; E. Garrigou; A. Guilloux; P. Hubert; J. Ivens; J. Janzen; T. Khan; H. Kikuta; K. Kind; M. Laspalas; J. Lee; X. Liu; M. Lizaranzu; S. V. Lomov; K. Masania; V. Michaud; P. Middendorf; S. Miguel; J. Muñoz; S. S. Narayana; C. H. Park; G. Pedoto; A. Pisupati; D. Sayinbas; P. Sousa; M. Sozer; J. Staal; M. Steinhardt; H. Teixido; R. Umer; J. D. Vincent; V. Werlen; O. Yuksel

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630

Towards standardisation of the out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles

A. X.H. Yong
, A. Endruweit
, A. George
, D. May
, Y. A. Aksoy
, M. A. Ali
, T. Allen
, P. Baral
, C. Betteridge
, C. Brauner
, B. Caglar
, A. Chiminelli
, D. Cracknell
, L. Dame
, J. Dittmann
, C. Dransfeld
, S. Drapier
, J. A. García Manrique
, E. Garrigou
, A. Guilloux

P. Hubert, J. Ivens, J. Janzen, T. Khan, H. Kikuta, K. Kind, M. Laspalas, J. Lee, X. Liu, M. Lizaranzu, S. V. Lomov, K. Masania, V. Michaud, P. Middendorf, S. Miguel, J. Muñoz, S. S. Narayana, C. H. Park, G. Pedoto, A. Pisupati, D. Sayinbas, P. Sousa, M. Sozer, J. Staal, M. Steinhardt, H. Teixido, R. Umer, J. D. Vincent, V. Werlen, O. Yuksel

Aerospace Engineering

National Physical Laboratory
University of Nottingham
Brigham Young University
Leibniz-Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH
Delft University of Technology
University of Auckland
MOC
University of Stuttgart
Universidad Politecnica de Valencia
McGill University
KU Leuven
Ecole des Mines de Douai
Technische Universität München
EPFL CDM MTEI RAO
Koc University Sariyer

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

In the collaborative effort towards standardisation of out-of-plane permeability measurement, an international benchmarking exercise was carried out whereby 19 participants worldwide were instructed to measure the out-of-plane permeability following a number of strict guidelines, informed by the outcomes of the first international benchmarking exercise completed in 2021. This paper presents the results of the exercise and an assessment of the reproducibility of the data and the suitability of the proposed test method. The data returned were subjected to a number of statistical analysis methods, which showed that adherence to the test guidelines resulted in a high likelihood of a participant not being an outlier and therefore providing evidence that the test method proposed in this paper is a suitable way forward for a standardised test method.

Original language	British English
Article number	108630
Journal	Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
Volume	190
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630
State	Published - Mar 2025

Keywords

Fabrics/textiles
Liquid composite moulding
Permeability
Process monitoring
Resin flow

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10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630

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Yong, A. X. H., Endruweit, A., George, A., May, D., Aksoy, Y. A., Ali, M. A., Allen, T., Baral, P., Betteridge, C., Brauner, C., Caglar, B., Chiminelli, A., Cracknell, D., Dame, L., Dittmann, J., Dransfeld, C., Drapier, S., García Manrique, J. A., Garrigou, E., ... Yuksel, O. (2025). Towards standardisation of the out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 190, Article 108630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630

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title = "Towards standardisation of the out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles",

abstract = "In the collaborative effort towards standardisation of out-of-plane permeability measurement, an international benchmarking exercise was carried out whereby 19 participants worldwide were instructed to measure the out-of-plane permeability following a number of strict guidelines, informed by the outcomes of the first international benchmarking exercise completed in 2021. This paper presents the results of the exercise and an assessment of the reproducibility of the data and the suitability of the proposed test method. The data returned were subjected to a number of statistical analysis methods, which showed that adherence to the test guidelines resulted in a high likelihood of a participant not being an outlier and therefore providing evidence that the test method proposed in this paper is a suitable way forward for a standardised test method.",

keywords = "Fabrics/textiles, Liquid composite moulding, Permeability, Process monitoring, Resin flow",

author = "Yong, \{A. X.H.\} and A. Endruweit and A. George and D. May and Aksoy, \{Y. A.\} and Ali, \{M. A.\} and T. Allen and P. Baral and C. Betteridge and C. Brauner and B. Caglar and A. Chiminelli and D. Cracknell and L. Dame and J. Dittmann and C. Dransfeld and S. Drapier and \{Garc{\'i}a Manrique\}, \{J. A.\} and E. Garrigou and A. Guilloux and P. Hubert and J. Ivens and J. Janzen and T. Khan and H. Kikuta and K. Kind and M. Laspalas and J. Lee and X. Liu and M. Lizaranzu and Lomov, \{S. V.\} and K. Masania and V. Michaud and P. Middendorf and S. Miguel and J. Mu{\~n}oz and Narayana, \{S. S.\} and Park, \{C. H.\} and G. Pedoto and A. Pisupati and D. Sayinbas and P. Sousa and M. Sozer and J. Staal and M. Steinhardt and H. Teixido and R. Umer and Vincent, \{J. D.\} and V. Werlen and O. Yuksel",

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doi = "10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630",

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Yong, AXH, Endruweit, A, George, A, May, D, Aksoy, YA, Ali, MA, Allen, T, Baral, P, Betteridge, C, Brauner, C, Caglar, B, Chiminelli, A, Cracknell, D, Dame, L, Dittmann, J, Dransfeld, C, Drapier, S, García Manrique, JA, Garrigou, E, Guilloux, A, Hubert, P, Ivens, J, Janzen, J, Khan, T, Kikuta, H, Kind, K, Laspalas, M, Lee, J, Liu, X, Lizaranzu, M, Lomov, SV, Masania, K, Michaud, V, Middendorf, P, Miguel, S, Muñoz, J, Narayana, SS, Park, CH, Pedoto, G, Pisupati, A, Sayinbas, D, Sousa, P, Sozer, M, Staal, J, Steinhardt, M, Teixido, H, Umer, R, Vincent, JD, Werlen, V & Yuksel, O 2025, 'Towards standardisation of the out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles', Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 190, 108630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630

TY - JOUR

T1 - Towards standardisation of the out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles

AU - Yong, A. X.H.

AU - Endruweit, A.

AU - George, A.

AU - May, D.

AU - Aksoy, Y. A.

AU - Ali, M. A.

AU - Allen, T.

AU - Baral, P.

AU - Betteridge, C.

AU - Brauner, C.

AU - Caglar, B.

AU - Chiminelli, A.

AU - Cracknell, D.

AU - Dame, L.

AU - Dittmann, J.

AU - Dransfeld, C.

AU - Drapier, S.

AU - García Manrique, J. A.

AU - Garrigou, E.

AU - Guilloux, A.

AU - Hubert, P.

AU - Ivens, J.

AU - Janzen, J.

AU - Khan, T.

AU - Kikuta, H.

AU - Kind, K.

AU - Laspalas, M.

AU - Lee, J.

AU - Liu, X.

AU - Lizaranzu, M.

AU - Lomov, S. V.

AU - Masania, K.

AU - Michaud, V.

AU - Middendorf, P.

AU - Miguel, S.

AU - Muñoz, J.

AU - Narayana, S. S.

AU - Park, C. H.

AU - Pedoto, G.

AU - Pisupati, A.

AU - Sayinbas, D.

AU - Sousa, P.

AU - Sozer, M.

AU - Staal, J.

AU - Steinhardt, M.

AU - Teixido, H.

AU - Umer, R.

AU - Vincent, J. D.

AU - Werlen, V.

AU - Yuksel, O.

PY - 2025/3

Y1 - 2025/3

N2 - In the collaborative effort towards standardisation of out-of-plane permeability measurement, an international benchmarking exercise was carried out whereby 19 participants worldwide were instructed to measure the out-of-plane permeability following a number of strict guidelines, informed by the outcomes of the first international benchmarking exercise completed in 2021. This paper presents the results of the exercise and an assessment of the reproducibility of the data and the suitability of the proposed test method. The data returned were subjected to a number of statistical analysis methods, which showed that adherence to the test guidelines resulted in a high likelihood of a participant not being an outlier and therefore providing evidence that the test method proposed in this paper is a suitable way forward for a standardised test method.

AB - In the collaborative effort towards standardisation of out-of-plane permeability measurement, an international benchmarking exercise was carried out whereby 19 participants worldwide were instructed to measure the out-of-plane permeability following a number of strict guidelines, informed by the outcomes of the first international benchmarking exercise completed in 2021. This paper presents the results of the exercise and an assessment of the reproducibility of the data and the suitability of the proposed test method. The data returned were subjected to a number of statistical analysis methods, which showed that adherence to the test guidelines resulted in a high likelihood of a participant not being an outlier and therefore providing evidence that the test method proposed in this paper is a suitable way forward for a standardised test method.

KW - Fabrics/textiles

KW - Liquid composite moulding

KW - Permeability

KW - Process monitoring

KW - Resin flow

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85211168220

U2 - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630

DO - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108630

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85211168220

SN - 1359-835X

VL - 190

JO - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

JF - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

M1 - 108630

ER -

Towards standardisation of the out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles

Abstract

Keywords

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