TiO₂ supported pallidum-bipyridyl complex as an efficient catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in aqueous-ethanol

Owing to their improved catalytic stability and ability to undergo repeated cycles, solid-supported catalysts show great potential for various catalytic reactions. In this study, we synthesized a catalyst comprising a palladium-2,2-bipyridine complex supported on TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂@BDP-PdCl₂) fully characterised and investigated its efficacy in Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions involving phenyl boronic acid with various aryl halides under mild reaction conditions. The 2,2′- bipyridine (bp) has shown excellent complexation properties for Pd (II) and it could be easily anchored onto functionalized TiO₂ support by the bridging carboxylate ions. The composition and structure of the as-prepared catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The catalyst easily demonstrated separability, enhancing its practicality in catalytic processes. Subsequent utilization showed a consistent activity level, suggesting the stabilization of the aggregated catalyst species. This research sheds light on the importance of catalyst stability and maintenance during consecutive reaction cycles.