TY - JOUR
T1 - Thermostructural observation and adaptive control of fractal structure in ball-milled materials
AU - Aureli, Matteo
AU - Alzaabi, Abdelaziz Saeed Mohamed
AU - Hussien, Aseel Gamal Suliman
AU - Doumanidis, Constantine C.
AU - Jaffar, Syed Murtaza
AU - Gunduz, I. E.
AU - Rebholz, Claus
AU - Kostoglou, Nikolaos
AU - Liao, Yiliang
AU - Doumanidis, Charalabos C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by a Khalifa University Internal Research Fund (Level 1) award. The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/12/15
Y1 - 2018/12/15
N2 - This research introduces dynamic modeling and real-time control of fractal structure in particulate materials fabricated by the ball milling process, specifically addressing challenges of unavailable real-time non-destructive and non-invasive imaging measurements in the enclosed rotating vials. A description of the internal temperature dynamics in the container is established along with a thermal regulator based on external temperature feedback. The fractal dimension is introduced as a structural measure, and its dynamics is established via an analytical formulation through a lumped model, along with a full thermostructural computational model of the ball milling particulate microstructure. These models are used as real-time observers of inaccessible internal states during the process. In addition, they are used as model references in an adaptive control system, regulating the fractal structure with adaptation via external temperature measurements, available experimentally via an infrared thermocouple. The controller is designed on the basis of the dynamic models and is tested experimentally. The controller is demonstrated to command the duration of the process at steady conditions to obtain the necessary thermal exposure yielding the desired microstructure for the ball-milled particulates.
AB - This research introduces dynamic modeling and real-time control of fractal structure in particulate materials fabricated by the ball milling process, specifically addressing challenges of unavailable real-time non-destructive and non-invasive imaging measurements in the enclosed rotating vials. A description of the internal temperature dynamics in the container is established along with a thermal regulator based on external temperature feedback. The fractal dimension is introduced as a structural measure, and its dynamics is established via an analytical formulation through a lumped model, along with a full thermostructural computational model of the ball milling particulate microstructure. These models are used as real-time observers of inaccessible internal states during the process. In addition, they are used as model references in an adaptive control system, regulating the fractal structure with adaptation via external temperature measurements, available experimentally via an infrared thermocouple. The controller is designed on the basis of the dynamic models and is tested experimentally. The controller is demonstrated to command the duration of the process at steady conditions to obtain the necessary thermal exposure yielding the desired microstructure for the ball-milled particulates.
KW - Adaptive control
KW - Aluminum alloys
KW - Ball milling
KW - Fractal dimension
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054841732&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.010
DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.010
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85054841732
SN - 0264-1275
VL - 160
SP - 772
EP - 782
JO - Materials and Design
JF - Materials and Design
ER -