The effect of Lode parameter on the yield surface of Schoen's IWP triply periodic minimal surface lattice

Owing to the advancements in additive manufacturing and increased applications of additively manufactured structures, it is essential to fully understand both the elastic and plastic behavior of cellular materials, which include the mathematically-driven sheet lattices based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) that have received significant attention recently. The compressive elastic and plastic behaviors have been well established for many TPMS latticed structures, but not under multiaxial loading. Furthermore, TPMS lattices are computationally expensive to model explicitly when used in latticing various structures for enhanced multi-functionality, and hence the need to develop accurate yield surfaces in order to capture their plastic behavior in a homogenized approach. The majority of previous yield surfaces developed for cellular materials originate from cellular foams, and limited attempts has been made to develop yield surfaces for TPMS lattices. In this study, a numerical modeling framework is proposed for developing the initial yield surface for cellular materials and is used to develop the initial yield surface for Schoen's IWP sheet-based TPMS cellular lattices. The effect of different loading conditions on the effective yield strength of the IWP sheet-based (IWP-s) TPMS lattice is numerically investigated, based on a single unit cell of IWP-s under fully periodic boundary conditions, assuming an elastic-perfectly plastic behavior of the base material, for relative densities (ρ‾) ranging from 7% to 28%. In order to account for different loading conditions, the stress state is characterized in a generalized fashion through the Lode parameter (L). The effect of L is studied over a range of mean stress values (σ_m) to understand the effect of both L and σ_m on the effective yield strength. An initial yield surface is developed incorporating the effect of L, σ_m and ρ‾, and is validated numerically showing rather good agreement. In the 3D principal stress space, the shape of the yield surface for the IWP-s lattice resembles the shape of a cocoa pod.