The Drug Administration via Fractional-order PI^λD^δ -Controller

Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic drug which may induce pulmonary toxicity. To achieve high quality medical treatment, it is necessary to supervise a well-controlled medical protocol to avoid anomalies in such a drug and in any similar one. Thiswork proposes the use of a fractional-order PI^λD^δ controllers to maintain a consistent pharmacokinetics for drug administration.The additional fractional-order parameters, 0 < λ,δ ≤ 1, which provide additional features to such controller, are determined usingthe Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. This is accomplished by approximating s^-λ or s^δ by 1^st - or 2^nd -order rationaltransfer functions to minimize the ITAE, IAE, ISE, and ITSE error functions. The study includes a comparison between Oustaloup’sand El-Khazalis’ approximations to show the effectiveness and the cost of each controller design.