Synergistic TaW-based catalysts on date seed-derived activated carbon for sustainable cleaner energy fuel production via electrochemical valorization of furfural

Converting furfural (FF) into value-added chemicals through electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) presents a promising route for sustainable energy conversion. In this study, tantalum-tungsten-boron-based nanoparticles supported on date seed-derived activated carbon (TWXX/AC) were utilized for multifaceted optimization of ECH performance via intricate manipulation of various parameters. Various analytical techniques were used to analyze the TWXX/AC catalysts. XRD and EDX confirmed that Ta and W oxides were successfully integrated into the graphite-like structure of the activated carbon. The TWXX/AC catalyst demonstrated excellent structural stability and effectively converted biomass derivatives such as FF to furfural alcohol (FA). By adjusting the elemental composition of tantalum, tungsten, and boron within the TWXX/AC catalysts, the product yields could be fine-tuned. The TW75/ AC catalyst, with Ta:W ratio of 3:1, exhibited the highest FF to FA conversion rates with pronounced faradaic efficiencies. The efficiency of the electrocatalyst was further enhanced by introducing boron into the catalyst, which hindered the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Optimization of the ECH parameters, including the applied potential, temperature, and electrolyte molarity, led to enhanced production rates and improved selectivity in the hydrogenated products. This study demonstrates the potential of using biomass derivatives to produce biofuels with non-noble-based electrocatalysts, which aligns with the pursuit of sustainable and renewable energy sources.