Sustainable management of algal blooms in ponds and rivers

Algae have the potential to overcome many environmental problems and meet the demand for bio-based products. Researchers have found that microalgae are suitable to be used for liquid fuel, food, fertilizers, natural-based pigments, pharmaceutical products, and many more. However, algae are always seen to link with eutrophication as excessive nutrients from fertilizers enter waterbodies that lead to the growth of cyanobacteria and blue-green algae. Increasing anthropogenic activities, as well as external factors such as sunlight and water runoff drive these macroscale ecological disorders. This chapter focuses on the relationship of algal bloom and eutrophication with a particular focus on the application and implication of algae. Agricultural cultivation of algae is one of the promising solutions to improve the production and efficiency of bio-based products, reduction of greenhouse gases, extraction of constituents that are used as diagnostic and medicine tools. This chapter also discusses steps to identify and harvest algae from the algal bloom sites. The revolutionized industry brings new technological tools to help scientists to identify particular genes on cyanobacteria chromosomes. Many tests and research comparative studies are required to identify algae genes consisting of valuable biomolecules as alternative sustainable bioproducts and innovative biological processes and principles to sustainably provide goods and services to achieve circular bioeconomy associated with industrial revolution 5.0.