Sustainable food and feed sources from microalgae: Food security and the circular bioeconomy

Global population growth, projected to reach 9.3 billion by 2050, poses significant challenges to food production and the traditional food supply system. In this context, microalgae offer a sustainable solution for global food security. With their carbon sequestration capacity, nutrient richness, and photosynthetic efficiency, microalgae have the potential to become essential in achieving carbon neutrality and meeting future food demands. However, several challenges must be addressed, including high production costs, low acceptance, and safety concerns. Coordinated efforts from various fields are required to overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of microalgae-based food development. This review article discusses the benefits, drawbacks, and future prospects of microalgae as food and feed sources. It covers topics such as their nutritional compositions, economic feasibility, sustainability, and market trends. Additionally, the article discusses essential aspects, including safety, environmental impact, cost, functionality, and ongoing research efforts. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to shed light on the potential of microalgae as a viable solution to address global food security challenges while also addressing the hurdles that must be overcome for their successful implementation in the food industry.