TY - JOUR
T1 - Sustainable district cooling systems
T2 - Status, challenges, and future opportunities, with emphasis on cooling-dominated regions
AU - Eveloy, Valerie
AU - Ayou, Dereje S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by The Petroleum Institute grant number LTR 14502 and the APC was funded by the lead author.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.
PY - 2019/1/13
Y1 - 2019/1/13
N2 - A review of current and future district cooling (DC) technologies, operational, economic, and environmental aspects, and analysis and optimization methodologies is presented, focusing on the demands of cooling-dominated regions. Sustainable energy sources (i.e., renewable, waste/excess electricity and heat, natural/artificial cold) and cooling/storage technology options with emphasis on heat-driven refrigeration, and their integrations in published DC design and analysis studies are reviewed. Published DC system analysis, modeling, and optimization methodologies are analyzed in terms of their objectives, scope, sustainability-related criteria, and key findings. The current and future development of DC in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, a major developing cooling-dominated market, is examined more specifically in terms of current and future energy sources and their use, and economic, environmental, and regulatory aspects, with potential technical and non-technical solutions identified to address regional DC sustainability challenges. From the review of published DC design and analysis studies presented, collective research trends in key thematic areas are analyzed, with suggested future research themes proposed towards the sustainability enhancement of DC systems in predominantly hot climates.
AB - A review of current and future district cooling (DC) technologies, operational, economic, and environmental aspects, and analysis and optimization methodologies is presented, focusing on the demands of cooling-dominated regions. Sustainable energy sources (i.e., renewable, waste/excess electricity and heat, natural/artificial cold) and cooling/storage technology options with emphasis on heat-driven refrigeration, and their integrations in published DC design and analysis studies are reviewed. Published DC system analysis, modeling, and optimization methodologies are analyzed in terms of their objectives, scope, sustainability-related criteria, and key findings. The current and future development of DC in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, a major developing cooling-dominated market, is examined more specifically in terms of current and future energy sources and their use, and economic, environmental, and regulatory aspects, with potential technical and non-technical solutions identified to address regional DC sustainability challenges. From the review of published DC design and analysis studies presented, collective research trends in key thematic areas are analyzed, with suggested future research themes proposed towards the sustainability enhancement of DC systems in predominantly hot climates.
KW - Air-conditioning
KW - District cooling
KW - Hot climate
KW - Space cooling
KW - Sustainable energy; Gulf Cooperation Council
KW - Thermally activated cooling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060546797&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en12020235
DO - 10.3390/en12020235
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85060546797
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 12
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 2
M1 - 235
ER -