Surveillance, distribution, and treatment methods of antimicrobial resistance in water: A review

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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a serious threat to human health. Scientists warn that the world is approaching a post-antibiotic era, in which antibiotics will be ineffective, and AMR infections may become a leading cause of death worldwide. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as hotspots for the spread and reproduction of AMR. This review focuses on the fate of AMR in WWTPs and advanced water treatment processes, highlighting their removal efficiencies and limitations. Additionally, methods for monitoring AMR in WWTPs and aquatic environments are discussed. Monitoring of AMR in wastewater is crucial for tracking its presence and spread to the environment. Advanced AMR treatment processes such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs), vermifiltration (VF), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and membrane filtration processes (MFPs) are discussed and compared.

Original languageBritish English
Article number164360
JournalScience of the Total Environment
Volume890
DOIs
StatePublished - 10 Sep 2023

Keywords

  • Advanced treatment technologies
  • AMR
  • Monitoring
  • Wastewater

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