@inproceedings{ab30966bac0e44499b58a9e785dad761,
title = "Studies on phenol formaldehyde gel formation at a high temperature and at different pH",
abstract = "Gel formation characteristic of dilute phenol-formaldehyde solution in water is studied at ∼ 1400°C. At 135°-140°C a solution containing 3% phenol with the phenol-formaldehyde mole ratio 1:3.5 formed gel in a range of pH values of 9.6-12. The minimum gelling time was observed at a pH value of 10.4. The gel formation strongly depended on the pH at this elevated temperature. Subsequent gel formation started when concentration of tri-methylol phenol attained a minimum threshold concentration value. Gelling time was hardly an hour when pH value was 9.8 and at pH value of 11.5 the gelling time was 2 hr. Minimum threshold concentration of o-o-p methylol was achieved while free phenol molecules were still present in solution to form methylols and their resoles. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the AIChE Annual Meeting and Fall Showcase (Cincinnati, OH 10/30/2005-11/4/2005).",
keywords = "Gelation, Gelling-zone, High temperature gelling, Methylolation, Phenol-Formaldehyde Monomer System",
author = "Ranjan Banerjee and Khilar, {Kartic C.} and B. Ghosh and Kiran Patil",
year = "2005",
language = "British English",
isbn = "0816909962",
series = "AIChE Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings",
booktitle = "05AIChE",
note = "05AIChE: 2005 AIChE Annual Meeting and Fall Showcase ; Conference date: 30-10-2005 Through 04-11-2005",
}