Studies on para-selectivity and yield enhancement in zeolite catalyzed toluene nitration

I. Sreedhar, K. Suresh Kumar Reddy, M. Ramakrishna, S. J. Kulkarni, K. V. Raghavan

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    12 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    The nitration of toluene using solid acid catalyst is carried out in batch and semi-batch reactors with or without continuous water withdrawal. The effect of process parameters viz., nature of catalyst, agitation speed, nitric acid-toluene dispersion morphology, catalyst to toluene ratio, temperature, nitric acid dosing and boil-up rates (BRs) on overall conversions, and para-selectivity is investigated. The micro-reaction environment around the catalyst particle and its influence on lattice aluminum transformation to achieve improved para-selectivity has received special attention. These studies have established the importance of dispersion morphology of reactants and microenvironment around catalyst particles for achieving preferred conversion and para-selectivity in toluene nitration.

    Original languageBritish English
    Pages (from-to)219-227
    Number of pages9
    JournalCanadian Journal of Chemical Engineering
    Volume86
    Issue number2
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Apr 2008

    Keywords

    • Agitation speed
    • Boil-up rate
    • Dispersion morphology
    • Para-selectivity
    • Zeolites

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