Rule-Based Adaptive Frequency Regulation With Real Stochastic Model Intermittency in a Restructured Power System

The increased deployment of renewable energy in power networks makes it necessary to maintain equilibrium between generation and demand due to their intermittent behavior. However, numerous strategies, including load shedding, load shifting, and energy storage technologies, can also be utilized to meet the increasing demand for load. This article proposes a course of action based on demand response (DR), which prioritizes demand-side monitoring, within the automatic generation control paradigm. A rule-based fractional control scheme with a two-degree-of-freedom topology is developed for the frequency regulation of a deregulated identical hybrid two-area power system in a DR framework. A quasi-oppositional Harris Hawks optimization is investigated along with the proposed controller to tune the controller coefficients adaptively. A thorough examination of the preferred system, including the DR approach, significantly enhances the frequency regulation services and offers a significant improvement over conventional frequency regulation in terms of system dynamics. Research is further enhanced by considering natural random time delay in the DR framework to analyze the dynamic behavior of the system. An experimental evaluation using the OPAL-RT 5700 is presented to verify the practicality of the suggested technique for intermittent sources and loads.