TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of Solvents in the Preparation of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide (MBI) Perovskite Films for Self-Biased Photodetector Applications
AU - Shah, Shruti
AU - Bhorde, Ajinkya
AU - Hase, Yogesh
AU - Aher, Rahul
AU - Doiphode, Vidya
AU - Waghmare, Ashish
AU - Punde, Ashvini
AU - Shinde, Pratibha
AU - Rahane, Swati
AU - Bade, Bharat R.
AU - Pathan, Habib M.
AU - Prasad, Mohit
AU - Aleksandrova, Mariya
AU - Patole, Shashikant P.
AU - Jadkar, Sandesh R.
N1 - Funding Information:
S.S., Y.H., V.D., A.W., P.S., and B.R.B. are thankful to MNRE, GOI, for the financial support under the NREF program. A.P. is thankful to the Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Research and Training Institute (MAHAJYOTI), Government of Maharashtra, for the Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Research Fellowship (MJPRF). M.P. and S.R.J. are grateful to CEFIPRA, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, for special financial support. S.R. is thankful for the research fellowship to the Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Research, Training and Human Development Institute (SARTHI), Government of Maharashtra. This work is done under Bulgaria-India’s joint bilateral project, funded by BNSF, Grant KP06-India-1. H.P. is also thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for partial financial support through Indo-Bulgaria, vide Sanction Order DST/INT/BLG/P-10/2019. Finally, S.P. thanks Khalifa University for its financial support through the internal fund for high-quality publications.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2022/6/28
Y1 - 2022/6/28
N2 - Pb-free metal halide perovskites are excellent light-harvesting materials for photodetector applications because of their inherent remarkable optoelectronic properties with lower-temperature processability. However, to date, the realization of device-quality Pb-free metal halide films is still a great challenge. Here, using a single-step spin coating method, we have synthesized Pb-free methylammonium bismuth iodide [(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 (MBI)] perovskite films using different solvents, such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL), 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). Furthermore, MBI perovskite films were subjected to various characterization techniques to investigate and analyze morphological, optical, and structural properties. The formation of MBI thin films in various solvents was confirmed by XRD analysis and Raman spectroscopy. As evident from the XRD pattern, MBI belonged to the P63/mmc space group and had a hexagonal crystal structure. SEM analysis showed that the MBI film synthesized using different solvents has randomly oriented hexagonal-shaped grains parallel or orthogonal to the surface of the substrate. The synthesized perovskite films strongly absorbed light in the visible region with a higher absorption coefficient (∼105 cm-1) and an optical band gap of ∼1.85 to 2.0 eV, as evident from UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. TG analysis showed that MBI perovskites are thermally stable until ∼325 °C. It was found that MBI perovskite films prepared using a 2ME solvent have excellent substrate coverage with the smallest grain size and excellent optical properties. Finally, a photodetector was fabricated using an MBI perovskite film, exhibiting the fast rise and decay times of 0.79 and 0.36 s, with a responsivity of ∼8.0 × 10-2 mA/W and a detectivity of ∼5.0 × 108 Jones at a 0 V bias. The present results open up a new avenue for Pb-free, highly stable MBI perovskites for future selfbiased photodetectors.
AB - Pb-free metal halide perovskites are excellent light-harvesting materials for photodetector applications because of their inherent remarkable optoelectronic properties with lower-temperature processability. However, to date, the realization of device-quality Pb-free metal halide films is still a great challenge. Here, using a single-step spin coating method, we have synthesized Pb-free methylammonium bismuth iodide [(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 (MBI)] perovskite films using different solvents, such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL), 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). Furthermore, MBI perovskite films were subjected to various characterization techniques to investigate and analyze morphological, optical, and structural properties. The formation of MBI thin films in various solvents was confirmed by XRD analysis and Raman spectroscopy. As evident from the XRD pattern, MBI belonged to the P63/mmc space group and had a hexagonal crystal structure. SEM analysis showed that the MBI film synthesized using different solvents has randomly oriented hexagonal-shaped grains parallel or orthogonal to the surface of the substrate. The synthesized perovskite films strongly absorbed light in the visible region with a higher absorption coefficient (∼105 cm-1) and an optical band gap of ∼1.85 to 2.0 eV, as evident from UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. TG analysis showed that MBI perovskites are thermally stable until ∼325 °C. It was found that MBI perovskite films prepared using a 2ME solvent have excellent substrate coverage with the smallest grain size and excellent optical properties. Finally, a photodetector was fabricated using an MBI perovskite film, exhibiting the fast rise and decay times of 0.79 and 0.36 s, with a responsivity of ∼8.0 × 10-2 mA/W and a detectivity of ∼5.0 × 108 Jones at a 0 V bias. The present results open up a new avenue for Pb-free, highly stable MBI perovskites for future selfbiased photodetectors.
KW - detectivity
KW - lead-free perovskites
KW - MBI perovskites
KW - photodetector
KW - responsivity
KW - solvent variation
KW - spin coating
KW - Urbach energy
KW - Williamson-Hall plot
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134841226&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsaelm.2c00321
DO - 10.1021/acsaelm.2c00321
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85134841226
SN - 2637-6113
VL - 4
SP - 2793
EP - 2804
JO - ACS Applied Electronic Materials
JF - ACS Applied Electronic Materials
IS - 6
ER -