Robust Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Optimized Fuzzy Integral-Derivative Controllers in Multi-Area Hybrid Power Systems

This study introduces a new type-two fuzzy-aided integral-derivative looped with a proportional-derivative FAI D - (P D) l controller for achieving secondary frequency regulation of a diverse triple-area hybrid power system (PS). The African vultures optimisation algorithm (AVOA) optimizes the controller gains. Area-l encompasses thermal power stations along with distributed generation sources, which include wind turbines and solar photovoltaics. Area-2 is equipped with a combination of thermal and gas energy sources, while area-3 is connected to a combination of thermal and nuclear energy sources. Thermal systems also take into account practical limitations making the system nonlinear. In addition, a thorough robust stability assessment of the investigated system is conducted. Finally, the proposed method is compared with some contemporary schemes to vindicate its efficacy.