Results on mass composition of cosmic rays as measured with LOFAR

A. Corstanje; S. Buitink; H. Falcke; B. M. Hare; J. R. Hörandel; T. Huege; G. K. Krampah; P. Mitra; K. Mulrey; A. Nelles; H. Pandya; J. P. Rachen; O. Scholten; S. ter Veen; S. Thoudam; G. Trinh; T. Winchen

Results on mass composition of cosmic rays as measured with LOFAR

A. Corstanje
, S. Buitink
, H. Falcke
, B. M. Hare
, J. R. Hörandel
, T. Huege
, G. K. Krampah
, P. Mitra
, K. Mulrey
, A. Nelles
, H. Pandya
, J. P. Rachen
, O. Scholten
, S. ter Veen
, S. Thoudam
, G. Trinh
, T. Winchen

Physics

Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Radboud University Nijmegen
Netherlands Institute of Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
NIKHEF
University of Groningen
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg
School of Education
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present an updated analysis of the mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range of 10^16.8 to 10^18.3 eV. It is based on measurements with the LOFAR telescope of the depth of shower maximum, X_max. We review the improvements to the simulation-based reconstruction setup, as well as the selection method to obtain a minimally biased X_max dataset. Results include estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the X_max distribution. A statistical analysis at distribution level has been done as well, using a four-component model of light to heavy nuclei. It confirms our previous results showing a significant low-mass fraction in this energy range. The radio technique has advanced enough that multiple observatories are publishing results on X_max. As the array layouts and methods vary, it is interesting to compare the approaches, in light of the observed differences in the X_max results. We therefore show additional information on bias tests used in the X_max reconstruction and sample selection process.

Original language	British English
Article number	322
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	395
State	Published - 18 Mar 2022
Event	37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021 - Virtual, Berlin, Germany Duration: 12 Jul 2021 → 23 Jul 2021

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@article{30733847ce32477cb7a039e859074bf1,

title = "Results on mass composition of cosmic rays as measured with LOFAR",

abstract = "We present an updated analysis of the mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range of 1016.8 to 1018.3 eV. It is based on measurements with the LOFAR telescope of the depth of shower maximum, Xmax. We review the improvements to the simulation-based reconstruction setup, as well as the selection method to obtain a minimally biased Xmax dataset. Results include estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distribution. A statistical analysis at distribution level has been done as well, using a four-component model of light to heavy nuclei. It confirms our previous results showing a significant low-mass fraction in this energy range. The radio technique has advanced enough that multiple observatories are publishing results on Xmax. As the array layouts and methods vary, it is interesting to compare the approaches, in light of the observed differences in the Xmax results. We therefore show additional information on bias tests used in the Xmax reconstruction and sample selection process.",

author = "A. Corstanje and S. Buitink and H. Falcke and Hare, \{B. M.\} and H{\"o}randel, \{J. R.\} and T. Huege and Krampah, \{G. K.\} and P. Mitra and K. Mulrey and A. Nelles and H. Pandya and Rachen, \{J. P.\} and O. Scholten and \{ter Veen\}, S. and S. Thoudam and G. Trinh and T. Winchen",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n. 640130). TNGT acknowledges funding from Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 103.01-2019.378. ST acknowledges funding from the Khalifa University Startup grant, project code 8474000237-FSU-2020-13. LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries, that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation under a joint scientific policy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright owned by the author(s).; 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021 ; Conference date: 12-07-2021 Through 23-07-2021",

year = "2022",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Results on mass composition of cosmic rays as measured with LOFAR

AU - Corstanje, A.

AU - Buitink, S.

AU - Falcke, H.

AU - Hare, B. M.

AU - Hörandel, J. R.

AU - Huege, T.

AU - Krampah, G. K.

AU - Mitra, P.

AU - Mulrey, K.

AU - Nelles, A.

AU - Pandya, H.

AU - Rachen, J. P.

AU - Scholten, O.

AU - ter Veen, S.

AU - Thoudam, S.

AU - Trinh, G.

AU - Winchen, T.

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n. 640130). TNGT acknowledges funding from Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 103.01-2019.378. ST acknowledges funding from the Khalifa University Startup grant, project code 8474000237-FSU-2020-13. LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON, has facilities in several countries, that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation under a joint scientific policy. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright owned by the author(s).

PY - 2022/3/18

Y1 - 2022/3/18

N2 - We present an updated analysis of the mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range of 1016.8 to 1018.3 eV. It is based on measurements with the LOFAR telescope of the depth of shower maximum, Xmax. We review the improvements to the simulation-based reconstruction setup, as well as the selection method to obtain a minimally biased Xmax dataset. Results include estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distribution. A statistical analysis at distribution level has been done as well, using a four-component model of light to heavy nuclei. It confirms our previous results showing a significant low-mass fraction in this energy range. The radio technique has advanced enough that multiple observatories are publishing results on Xmax. As the array layouts and methods vary, it is interesting to compare the approaches, in light of the observed differences in the Xmax results. We therefore show additional information on bias tests used in the Xmax reconstruction and sample selection process.

AB - We present an updated analysis of the mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range of 1016.8 to 1018.3 eV. It is based on measurements with the LOFAR telescope of the depth of shower maximum, Xmax. We review the improvements to the simulation-based reconstruction setup, as well as the selection method to obtain a minimally biased Xmax dataset. Results include estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distribution. A statistical analysis at distribution level has been done as well, using a four-component model of light to heavy nuclei. It confirms our previous results showing a significant low-mass fraction in this energy range. The radio technique has advanced enough that multiple observatories are publishing results on Xmax. As the array layouts and methods vary, it is interesting to compare the approaches, in light of the observed differences in the Xmax results. We therefore show additional information on bias tests used in the Xmax reconstruction and sample selection process.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85130333789

M3 - Conference article

AN - SCOPUS:85130333789

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 395

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 322

T2 - 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

Y2 - 12 July 2021 through 23 July 2021

ER -

Results on mass composition of cosmic rays as measured with LOFAR

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