TY - JOUR
T1 - Remediation of heavy metal polluted waters using activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass
T2 - An update of recent trends
AU - Hoang, Anh Tuan
AU - Kumar, Sunil
AU - Lichtfouse, Eric
AU - Cheng, Chin Kui
AU - Varma, Rajender S.
AU - Senthilkumar, N.
AU - Phong Nguyen, Phuoc Quy
AU - Nguyen, Xuan Phuong
N1 - Funding Information:
Anh Tuan Hoang would like to thank HUTECH University, Vietnam to support this research. Chin Kui Cheng would like to acknowledge Khalifa University of Science and Technology for FSU-2021-003 (no. 8474000343) and also Khalifa University (RC2-2018-024) Phase 2 fund with project reference number 8474000133.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - The use of a cheap and effective adsorption approach based on biomass-activated carbon (AC) to remediate heavy metal contamination is clearly desirable for developing countries that are economically disadvantaged yet have abundant biomass. Therefore, this review provides an update of recent works utilizing biomass waste-AC to adsorb commonly-encountered adsorbates like Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg, and As. Various biomass wastes were employed in synthesizing AC via two-steps processing; oxygen-free carbonization followed by activation. In recent works related to the activation step, the microwave technique is growing in popularity compared to the more conventional physical/chemical activation method because the microwave technique can ensure a more uniform energy distribution in the solid adsorbent, resulting in enhanced surface area. Nonetheless, chemical activation is still generally preferred for its ease of operation, lower cost, and shorter preparation time. Several mechanisms related to heavy metal adsorption on biomass wastes-AC were also discussed in detail, such as (i) - physical adsorption/deposition of metals, (ii) - ion-exchange between protonated oxygen-containing functional groups (–OH, –COOH) and divalent metal cations (M2+), (iii) - electrostatic interaction between oppositely-charged ions, (iv) - surface complexation between functional groups (−OH, O2−, −CO–NH-, and –COOH) and heavy metal ions/complexes, and (v) - precipitation/co-precipitation technique. Additionally, key parameters affecting the adsorption performance were scrutinized. In general, this review offers a comprehensive insight into the production of AC from lignocellulosic biomass and its application in treating heavy metals-polluted water, showing that biomass-originated AC could bring great benefits to the environment, economy, and sustainability.
AB - The use of a cheap and effective adsorption approach based on biomass-activated carbon (AC) to remediate heavy metal contamination is clearly desirable for developing countries that are economically disadvantaged yet have abundant biomass. Therefore, this review provides an update of recent works utilizing biomass waste-AC to adsorb commonly-encountered adsorbates like Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg, and As. Various biomass wastes were employed in synthesizing AC via two-steps processing; oxygen-free carbonization followed by activation. In recent works related to the activation step, the microwave technique is growing in popularity compared to the more conventional physical/chemical activation method because the microwave technique can ensure a more uniform energy distribution in the solid adsorbent, resulting in enhanced surface area. Nonetheless, chemical activation is still generally preferred for its ease of operation, lower cost, and shorter preparation time. Several mechanisms related to heavy metal adsorption on biomass wastes-AC were also discussed in detail, such as (i) - physical adsorption/deposition of metals, (ii) - ion-exchange between protonated oxygen-containing functional groups (–OH, –COOH) and divalent metal cations (M2+), (iii) - electrostatic interaction between oppositely-charged ions, (iv) - surface complexation between functional groups (−OH, O2−, −CO–NH-, and –COOH) and heavy metal ions/complexes, and (v) - precipitation/co-precipitation technique. Additionally, key parameters affecting the adsorption performance were scrutinized. In general, this review offers a comprehensive insight into the production of AC from lignocellulosic biomass and its application in treating heavy metals-polluted water, showing that biomass-originated AC could bring great benefits to the environment, economy, and sustainability.
KW - Activated carbon
KW - Adsorption behavior
KW - Heavy metal
KW - Lignocellulosic biomass
KW - Wastewater treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129699886&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134825
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134825
M3 - Article
C2 - 35526681
AN - SCOPUS:85129699886
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 302
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 134825
ER -