Recent progress in modification methods of polymeric membranes for water treatment

Polymer membranes are the fundamental base of the membrane-based wastewater treatment process. The production of membranes with perfect properties and high separation performance with antifouling is a challenging problem in the water treatment process. The creation of polymer membranes relies on various membrane fabrication processes. However, the membrane fabrication process is still facing the problem in the creation of perfect membranes that are suitable for different processes. To achieve better membranes, it is very important to compare currently used fabrication methods, and clarify their advantages and disadvantages in terms of the properties and performance of membranes. This chapter briefly describes the different membrane fabrication methods, their advantages, and their disadvantages. A short description of the application of 3D printing technologies in membrane fabrication is also added. The comparison of properties and performance of 3D printing membranes with membranes prepared from conventional methods is also discussed.