Recent advances in sustainable and efficient hydrogen storage nanomaterials

The enormous depletion of fossil fuel reserves has been attributed to the rapid expansion in the usage of fossil fuels, which currently serve as the dominant energy source on a worldwide scale. Thus, environmental pollution and energy crisis are anticipated to occur as a result of the significant emission of greenhouse gases specifically carbon dioxide (CO₂), produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Therefore, the replacement of fossil fuels requires the implementation of alternative renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources. The exploitation of hydrogen (H₂) as an alternative fuel for automobiles holds significant promise owing to its environmentally sustainable combustion process, renewable characteristics, and noteworthy gravimetric energy density. Unfortunately, the inherent gaseous state of hydrogen presents a substantial barrier to its secure, suitable, and competent storage, hence hindering the advancement of hydrogen-powered automobiles in the commercial market. Therefore, the need to tackle the anticipated energy problem requires the development of H₂ as an ecologically sustainable fuel alternative. Hence, development, design, engineering, and synthesis of intelligent, innovative, highly efficient, and secure nanomaterials for solid-based hydrogen media will be imperative in order to effectively harness hydrogen as a sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel source. Therefore, this state-of-art provides an overview of several technologies utilized in the storage of hydrogen. More precisely, focuses on sustainable solid-state hydrogen nanomaterials and their various methods of interaction with hydrogen. Furthermore, this study examines many aspects of hydrogen storage utilizing nanomaterials, specifically focusing on the physisorption uptake and the necessary engineering required to enhance storage capacity under practical conditions. Furthermore, new prospects for the advancement of an economically, efficient, and sustainable hydrogen storing materials in order to meet the necessary technical requirements for commercialization.