Recent advances in niobium MXenes: Synthesis, properties, and emerging applications

MXenes, a new two-dimensional (2D) material discovered in 2011, is the newest and most active member of the 2D family. To date, more than 30 different MXenes have been experimentally prepared, with Ti-MXenes being the focus of interest of several researchers. Recently, niobium-based MXenes, such as Nb₂CT_x and Nb₄C₃T_x, have emerged as attractive materials for various applications because of their unique properties and potential applications. In this paper, we discuss synthesis methods and current advances in the use of niobium MXenes for energy, biomedical, laser, electromagnetic, and microwave shielding applications, among others. Conclusions and future prospects for maximizing the effectiveness of MXenes for a variety of practical applications are highlighted.