Recent advances in light olefins production from catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide

Increasing concerns of global warming problems caused by rising CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere have driven many activities and researches for the reduction of CO₂ emission. A huge CO₂ emission has been discharged from industrial sectors arising from materials processing. Therefore, the development of efficient processes for the reduction of CO₂ emission in the industry sector is vital. One of promising ways is to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source for the production of high value-added chemicals including light olefins. In order to make the CO₂-to-light olefin process feasibility in terms of economic point of view, efficient catalysts are essential for maximizing selectivity and yield of light olefins. This review summarizes recent progresses in rational design of catalytic system for CO₂ conversion to light olefins. Two different paths for CO₂ hydrogenation to light olefins, including the CO₂−Fischer−Tropsch (CO₂-FT) and oxygenate-mediated (like methanol, dimethyl ether, etc.), are compared in terms of catalytic performance and C₂–C₄ olefins productivity. In the CO₂-FT route, the selective production of the desired C₂–C₄ olefins is the key goal of development with an emphasis on synergy control between active metals, promoters and supports for tuning the surface H/C ratio which significant relevance to the C₂–C₄ olefins formation. While, an improvement in activity with suppressing secondary reaction is imperative for achieving a high C₂–C₄ olefins productivity in oxygenate-mediated. Besides optimizing the catalyst components (i.e., metal oxide/zeolite mass ratios and zeolite acidity) as well as operating conditions, the distance control of the two active components is another crucial to reach the satisfactory performance. Recently, a novel catalytic system using multifunctional catalysts composed of In₂O₃/SAPO-34 and Fe-Co/K-Al₂O₃ catalysts provides an unprecedented high C₂–C₄ olefins productivity, shedding light on the prospects for economic competitiveness and growth in the market economy.