Real-Time Congestion-Aware Charging Station Assignment Model for EVs

The electrification of the transportation system is double-edged for the smart grid. Although it is green and eco-friendly, uncontrolled charging of electric vehicles (EVs) could cause not only distribution network congestion but also long queues at the charging stations. Hence, it is necessary to ensure existing charging resources are efficiently utilized. The main objective of this article is to develop an algorithm that assigns EVs to charge stations such that distribution network congestion and time spent by the user from requesting a charging service to accessing it is minimized. The Lyapunov function is utilized for developing an EV assignment algorithm to manage a dynamic population of EVs ensuring queuing stability. Moreover, as the EV assignment algorithm relies on the communication network, an intrusion cyber-attack can occur resulting in an unstable queuing system. An intrusion detection technique is, hence, proposed which utilizes existing transportation network sensor data with the EV charging stations operator information to detect such attacks. A case study using the IEEE 69 bus system is then developed to test the proposed framework.