Promising Protection Scheme for Renewable Resources Connected Microgrid: A Systematic Review of an Adaptive Protection

The integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) into distribution networks has experienced rapid growth in recent years due to their numerous advantages, forming microgrids that can function in either grid-connected or islanded modes. However, this increasing penetration of DGs presents several challenges to microgrid protection systems. Traditional protection methods struggle with issues such as dynamic fault current levels, bidirectional fault flows, protection blinding, and false tripping. To overcome these issues, researchers have proposed various solutions, with adaptive protection standing out as a promising approach. Numerous adaptive protection schemes have been introduced and thoroughly discussed in the literature, each offering unique benefits and limitations. This paper provides an in-depth review of these adaptive protection methods, outlining their strengths and weaknesses. The primary goal of this review is to inspire and encourage further research in adaptive protection systems for DG-integrated distribution networks, ultimately ensuring more reliable and efficient power distribution systems in the face of growing DG integration.