Power availability of PV plus thermal batteries in real-world electric power grids

As variable renewable energy sources comprise a growing share of total electricity generation, energy storage technologies are becoming increasingly critical for balancing energy generation and demand. In this study, a real-world electricity system was modeled rather than modeling hypothetical future electric power systems where the existing electricity infrastructure are neglected. In addition, instead of modeling the general requirements of storage in terms of cost and performance, an existing thermal energy storage concept with estimated capital cost that are sufficiently low to enable large-scale deployment in the electric power system were modeled. The storage unit is coupled with a photovoltaic (PV) system and were modeled with different storage capacities, whereas each storage unit had various discharge capacities. The modeling was performed under a baseline case with no emission constraints and under hypothetical scenarios in which CO₂ emissions were reduced. The results show that power availability increases with increasing storage size and vastly increases in the hypothetical CO₂ reduction scenarios, as the storage unit is utilized differently. When CO₂ emissions are reduced, the power system must be less dependent on fossil fuel technologies that currently serve the grid, and thus rely more on the power that is served from the PV + storage unit. The proposed approach can provide increased knowledge to power system planners regarding how adding PV + storage systems to existing grids can contribute to the efficient stepwise decarbonization of electric power systems.