TY - JOUR
T1 - Plantar pressure alterations associated with increased BMI in young adults
AU - Khalaf, Kinda
AU - Mohan, Dhanya Menoth
AU - Hindi, Maha Al
AU - Khandoker, Ahsan Habib
AU - Jelinek, Herbert F.
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge the volunteers who made this study possible. This study was supported by a research fund from Al Jalila Foundation in the UAE. We also acknowledge the in-kind support of the Health Innovation Engineering Center (HEIC) and Khalifa University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - Background: Despite evidence suggesting that excess weight is linked to gait alterations and foot disorders, its effect on peak plantar pressure (PPP) variability and complexity during walking remains poorly understood. Research question: This study aimed to examine the influence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25) on the dynamic PPP distribution during gait using traditional and nonlinear dynamic measures in young college students. Methods: Fifty-two overweight (BMI >25, average 29.3 ± 4.02) and sixty-four control college students (BMI<25, 21.7 ± 1.76) aged 18–25 years, walked across a Tekscan gait assessment system at their preferred speed. A t-test or a Mann Whitney U test was used for analysis, subject to data normality. Kinematic, kinetic, spatiotemporal, and GaitEn (sample entropy of 2D spatial PPP maps) for window lengths (m=2) at various filtering levels (r) were used to explore the impact of BMI on PPP alterations. Results and Significance: The overweight group exhibited significantly higher mean PPP. The PPP under the forefoot region was also significantly higher for the overweight group as compared to the heel. The mean GaitEn values of overweight and control groups were found significantly different at r = (0.7–0.8) x STD, where GaitEn of the control group was relatively higher, which indicates better gait performance as compared to the overweight group in alignment with previous studies. A significant correlation of GaitEn with STD of PPP was revealed for the overweight group only, suggesting that overweight could significantly change the regularity or the complexity of the PPP series. Although no spatiotemporal parameters (stride length, step length, step width) were significantly affected by the increased BMI, GaitEn dynamic measure, along with spatiotemporal (decrease in gait velocity and cadence with increased BMI), and kinetic measures (increased maximum forces and plantar pressure with increased BMI), were significantly affected by overweight, indicating the feasibility of assessing the impact of increased BMI using pressure platforms in clinical settings.
AB - Background: Despite evidence suggesting that excess weight is linked to gait alterations and foot disorders, its effect on peak plantar pressure (PPP) variability and complexity during walking remains poorly understood. Research question: This study aimed to examine the influence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25) on the dynamic PPP distribution during gait using traditional and nonlinear dynamic measures in young college students. Methods: Fifty-two overweight (BMI >25, average 29.3 ± 4.02) and sixty-four control college students (BMI<25, 21.7 ± 1.76) aged 18–25 years, walked across a Tekscan gait assessment system at their preferred speed. A t-test or a Mann Whitney U test was used for analysis, subject to data normality. Kinematic, kinetic, spatiotemporal, and GaitEn (sample entropy of 2D spatial PPP maps) for window lengths (m=2) at various filtering levels (r) were used to explore the impact of BMI on PPP alterations. Results and Significance: The overweight group exhibited significantly higher mean PPP. The PPP under the forefoot region was also significantly higher for the overweight group as compared to the heel. The mean GaitEn values of overweight and control groups were found significantly different at r = (0.7–0.8) x STD, where GaitEn of the control group was relatively higher, which indicates better gait performance as compared to the overweight group in alignment with previous studies. A significant correlation of GaitEn with STD of PPP was revealed for the overweight group only, suggesting that overweight could significantly change the regularity or the complexity of the PPP series. Although no spatiotemporal parameters (stride length, step length, step width) were significantly affected by the increased BMI, GaitEn dynamic measure, along with spatiotemporal (decrease in gait velocity and cadence with increased BMI), and kinetic measures (increased maximum forces and plantar pressure with increased BMI), were significantly affected by overweight, indicating the feasibility of assessing the impact of increased BMI using pressure platforms in clinical settings.
KW - Gait
KW - Increased BMI
KW - Non-Linear Dynamics
KW - Peak Plantar Pressure
KW - Sample entropy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139266757&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.09.071
DO - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.09.071
M3 - Article
C2 - 36201927
AN - SCOPUS:85139266757
SN - 0966-6362
VL - 98
SP - 255
EP - 260
JO - Gait and Posture
JF - Gait and Posture
ER -