Photonic hydrogel for continuous glucose monitoring using smartphone readout

Israr Ahmed, Mohamed Elsherif, Murad Ali, Amal Al Ghaferi, Baker Mohammad, Haider Butt

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    4 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    Diabetes has become one of the leading deaths causes worldwide. Developing low-cost, rapid, and reusable sensors can provide a solution for continuous glucose monitoring to reduce the diabetic complications that could be fatal. Here, Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-based hydrogel sensors with embedded photonic nanostructures were developed for rapid and continuous glucose quantification within the physiological range. The photonic nanostructures were imprinted on the PBA-based hydrogel using simple and rapid process. Three different sensors: free-standing (FS), stand-alone (SA), and optical fiber (OF) were fabricated and tested in the glucose concentration range of 0–50 mM. A sensitivity of 6, 3, and 1.2 µW/mM was documented for FS, SA, and OF sensors, respectively. A rapid response time of 20 s and saturation time of 3 min were recorded along with a limit of detection of 1 mM. The sensing capabilities of these sensors were examined in both transmission and reflection configurations. Practicality of the sensors was tested using smartphone readout. The optical power was measured using a smartphone exploiting its photodiode and the power changes were correlated with glucose concentrations. These developed sensors may have applications in remote, continuous, and real-time glucose monitoring systems.

    Original languageBritish English
    Article number112065
    JournalMaterials and Design
    Volume231
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Jul 2023

    Keywords

    • Glucose sensors
    • Hydrogels
    • Optical fibers
    • Photonic structures
    • Smartphone

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