Optimal Energy Management System for Green Hydrogen Production and Seawater Desalination Plants with Demand Response Integration

This paper presents an optimal Energy Management System (EMS) of a grid-connected green Hydrogen Production Plant (HPP) and Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant. The proposed EMS integrates the HPP with a SWRO desalination plant to optimally supply the water to the HPP electrolysis while meeting the desired hydrogen, water, and electrical demands. The objective of the EMS is to minimize the energy costs associated with the grid interaction and contribute to Demand Response (DR) programs. The optimization problem is formulated and solved using a MATLAB optimization toolbox. The results demonstrated the purchase of energy during low electricity tariff periods. Contributing to the demand response programs results in a decrease in the operational cost by 1.4-2.5%. The results also showed that the desalinated water used for hydrogen production incurs a negligible energy consumption, comprising only 0.0576% of the electrolyzer's total energy usage.