TY - JOUR
T1 - Optical fiber fabry–perot interferometer based spirometer
T2 - Design and performance evaluation
AU - Nepomuceno, Ana Catarina
AU - Paixão, Tiago
AU - Alberto, Nélia
AU - André, Paulo Sérgio de Brito
AU - Antunes, Paulo
AU - Fátima Domingues, M.
N1 - Funding Information:
M. Fátima Domingues and Nélia Alberto acknowledge the REAct (FCT-IT-LA) and PREDICT (FCT-IT-LA) scientific actions, respectively. Tiago Paixão acknowledge the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia for the grant with the reference PD/BD/128265/2016.
Funding Information:
Funding: This work is funded by FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded by EU funds under the UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020, UIDB/50025/2020, and UIDP/50025/2020 projects. This work is also funded by FCT/MEC through national funds and when applicable co-funded by the FEDER-PT2020 partnership agreement under the project UID/EEA/50008/2019.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Spirometry enables the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this paper, we present an optical fiber-based device to evaluate the pulmonary capacity of individuals through spirometry. The proposed system consists of an optical fiber containing an intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) micro-cavity attached to a 3D printed structure that converts the air flow into strain variations to the optical fiber, modulating the FPI spectral response. Besides providing the value of the flow, its direction is also determined, which enables a differentiation between inhale and exhale cycles of breathing. A simulation study was conducted to predict the system behavior with the air flow. The preliminary tests, performed with the FPI-based spirometer led to average values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) parameters of 4.40 L and 6.46 L, respectively, with an FEV1/FVC index (used as an airway function index) of 68.5%. An average value of 5.35 L/s was found for the peak expiratory flow (PEF). A comparison between the spirometry tests using the presented FPI system and a commercial electronic device showed that the proposed system is suitable to act as a reliable spirometer.
AB - Spirometry enables the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this paper, we present an optical fiber-based device to evaluate the pulmonary capacity of individuals through spirometry. The proposed system consists of an optical fiber containing an intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) micro-cavity attached to a 3D printed structure that converts the air flow into strain variations to the optical fiber, modulating the FPI spectral response. Besides providing the value of the flow, its direction is also determined, which enables a differentiation between inhale and exhale cycles of breathing. A simulation study was conducted to predict the system behavior with the air flow. The preliminary tests, performed with the FPI-based spirometer led to average values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) parameters of 4.40 L and 6.46 L, respectively, with an FEV1/FVC index (used as an airway function index) of 68.5%. An average value of 5.35 L/s was found for the peak expiratory flow (PEF). A comparison between the spirometry tests using the presented FPI system and a commercial electronic device showed that the proposed system is suitable to act as a reliable spirometer.
KW - Fabry–Perot interferometer
KW - Flow sensor
KW - Optical fiber sensor
KW - Pulmonary function assessment
KW - Spirometry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113800373&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/photonics8080336
DO - 10.3390/photonics8080336
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85113800373
SN - 2304-6732
VL - 8
JO - Photonics
JF - Photonics
IS - 8
M1 - 336
ER -