Numerical modeling of three-phase flow with phase change using the level-set method

This article presents a numerical model for three-phase flow with phase change. Two level-set functions are defined to capture the two interfaces involved in the problem, i.e. the interface between two fluids and the interface between the fluid with its phase change component. With these two level-set functions, all the interfaces can be treated within the same numerical framework. Numerical solution is performed on a fixed mesh using the finite volume method. Surface tension effect is treated using the continuum surface force model. The model is validated against one- and two-dimensional vaporization problems. Finally, the model is demonstrated for different three-phase flow with phase change problems involving (1) a liquid with a rising condensing vapor bubble and a falling immiscible liquid droplet and (2) solidification in stratified two-fluid flow with a growing solid layer.