TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Hybrid VLC-RF Networks with Imperfect Channel State Information
AU - Al Hammadi, Ahmed
AU - Sofotasios, Paschalis C.
AU - Muhaidat, Sami
AU - Al-Qutayri, Mahmoud
AU - Elgala, Hany
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Khalifa University under Grants KU/RC1-C2PS-T2/8474000137 and KU/FSU- 8474000122. This article was presented in part at the IEEE WCNC 2019, Marrakech, Morocco [1].
Funding Information:
16, 2020; accepted November 17, 2020. Date of publication December 14, 2020; date of current version February 12, 2021. This work was supported by 8474000122.Thisarticlewas presented in part at the IEEE WCNC2019,KhalifaUniversityunderGrantsKU/RC1-C2PS-T2/8474000137andKU/FSU- T HE rapidly growing demand for data-intensive applica- Marrakech, Morocco [1]. The review of this article was coordinated by Prof. tions, such as video streaming, virtual reality (VR), and R.Dinis.(Correspondingauthors:SamiMuhaidat.) cloud computing, has led to an enormous growth in the global ComputerScience,KhalifaUniversity, Abu Dhabi127 788,UAE (e-mail:AhmedAlHammadiiswiththeDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringand mobile data traffic, which results in annual traffic levels in the [email protected]). order of a zettabyte [2]. This poses challenging requirements Paschalis C. Sofotasios is with the Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, for the fifth-generation (5G) of wireless networks and beyond, versity, AbuDhabi127 788,UAE, andalsowith theDepartmentofElec-DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,KhalifaUni- including massive connectivity, high throughput, low latency trical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33101, Finland (e-mail: [3], and the references therein. In this context, several emerging [email protected]). technologies have been proposed for ultimately boosting the data ofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,Khalifa University, AbuSamiMuhaidatiswiththeCenterforCyber-PhysicalSystems,Department rate. Examples of such technologies include massive multiple- Dhabi 127 788, UAE, and also with the Department of Systems and Com-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, ultra-dense networks, puterEngineering,CarletonUniversity,Ottawa,ONK1S5B6,Canada(e-mail: millimeter-wave communications, and visible light communi-MahmoudAl-QutayriiswiththeSystems-on-Chip(SoC)Center,[email protected]). cations (VLC) [4]. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi VLC has recently attracted significant interest as a crucial 127788,UAE(e-mail:[email protected]). technology for future wireless networks [4]. As a cost-effective SUNYatAlbany,Albany,NY12222USA(e-mail:[email protected]).HanyElgalaiswiththeDepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering, and energy-efficient solution, VLC can potentially achieve con- Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TVT.2020.3044837 siderably high data rates of the order of 100 Gbps [5]. Another
Publisher Copyright:
© 1967-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - This paper proposes a general framework for the energy efficiency analysis of a hybrid visible light communication (VLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) wireless system, in which both VLC and RF subsystems utilize non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. The proposed framework is based on realistic communication scenarios as it takes into account the mobility of users and assumes imperfect channel-state information (CSI). In this context, tractable closed-form expressions are derived for the corresponding average sum-rate of NOMA-VLC and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-VLC. It is shown extensively that incurred CSI errors have a considerable impact on the average energy efficiency of both NOMA-VLC and OFDMA-VLC systems. Hence, they should be taken into detailed account in the design of practical systems. We further demonstrate that the average energy efficiency of the hybrid NOMA-VLC-RF system outperforms the NOMA-VLC system under imperfect CSI. Respective computer simulations corroborate the derived analytic results, and interesting theoretical and practical insights are provided, which will be useful in the effective design and deployment of conventional VLC and hybrid VLC-RF systems.
AB - This paper proposes a general framework for the energy efficiency analysis of a hybrid visible light communication (VLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) wireless system, in which both VLC and RF subsystems utilize non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. The proposed framework is based on realistic communication scenarios as it takes into account the mobility of users and assumes imperfect channel-state information (CSI). In this context, tractable closed-form expressions are derived for the corresponding average sum-rate of NOMA-VLC and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-VLC. It is shown extensively that incurred CSI errors have a considerable impact on the average energy efficiency of both NOMA-VLC and OFDMA-VLC systems. Hence, they should be taken into detailed account in the design of practical systems. We further demonstrate that the average energy efficiency of the hybrid NOMA-VLC-RF system outperforms the NOMA-VLC system under imperfect CSI. Respective computer simulations corroborate the derived analytic results, and interesting theoretical and practical insights are provided, which will be useful in the effective design and deployment of conventional VLC and hybrid VLC-RF systems.
KW - hybrid wireless technologies
KW - imperfect CSI
KW - multiple access
KW - sum-rate
KW - Visible light communications
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098748505&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2020.3044837
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2020.3044837
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85098748505
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 70
SP - 398
EP - 411
JO - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 1
M1 - 9293399
ER -
