Nickel-rich nickel–cobalt–manganese and nickel–cobalt–aluminum cathodes in lithium-ion batteries: Pathways for performance optimization

In the evolving field of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), nickel-rich cathodes, specifically Nickel–Cobalt–Manganese (NCM) and Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum (NCA) have emerged as pivotal components due to their promising energy densities. This review delves into the complex nature of these nickel-rich cathodes, emphasizing holistic solutions to enhance energy density and stability. A systematic exploration was conducted on various optimization methods, with results highlighting key strategies for both NCA and NCM cathodes. Subsequent analysis centered on advanced coating techniques, revealing novel approaches that bolster performance, lifespan, and sustainability. The investigation extended to doping techniques, elucidating innovative methodologies to improve overall cathode performance. In alignment with the sustainability focus of this work, the environmental implications of nickel-based cathodes were thoroughly examined. The work also proffers a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and strategic resolutions in LIBs technology, culminating in a discourse on future perspectives and opportunities for these nickel-rich cathodes. This review offers a consolidated insight into optimizing and sustainably harnessing the potential of nickel-rich cathodes in LIBs.