TY - JOUR
T1 - Mixed Organic Cations Promote Ambient Light-Induced Formation of Metallic Lead in Lead Halide Perovskite Crystals
AU - Ray, Aniruddha
AU - Martín-García, Beatriz
AU - Prato, Mirko
AU - Moliterni, Anna
AU - Bordignon, Simone
AU - Spirito, Davide
AU - Marras, Sergio
AU - Goldoni, Luca
AU - Boopathi, Karunakara Moorthy
AU - Moro, Fabrizio
AU - Casati, Nicola Pietro Maria
AU - Giacobbe, Carlotta
AU - Saidaminov, Makhsud I.
AU - Giannini, Cinzia
AU - Chierotti, Michele R.
AU - Krahne, Roman
AU - Manna, Liberato
AU - Abdelhady, Ahmed L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2023/6/14
Y1 - 2023/6/14
N2 - One major concern toward the performance and stability of halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is the formation of metallic lead that promotes nonradiative recombination of charge carriers. The origin of metallic lead formation is being disputed whether it occurs during the perovskite synthesis or only after light, electron, or X-ray beam irradiation or thermal annealing. Here, we show that the quantity of metallic lead detected in perovskite crystals depends on the concentration and composition of the precursor solution. Through a controlled crystallization process, we grew black-colored mixed dimethylammonium (DMA)/methylammonium (MA) lead tribromide crystals. The black color is suggested to be due to the presence of small lead clusters. Despite the unexpected black coloring, the crystals show higher crystallinity and less defect density with respect to the standard yellow-colored DMA/MAPbBr3 crystals, as indicated by X-ray rocking curve and dark current measurements, respectively. While the formation of metallic lead could still be induced by external factors, the precursor solution composition and concentration can facilitate the formation of metallic lead during the crystallization process. Our results indicate that additional research is required to fully understand the perovskite precursor solution chemistry.
AB - One major concern toward the performance and stability of halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is the formation of metallic lead that promotes nonradiative recombination of charge carriers. The origin of metallic lead formation is being disputed whether it occurs during the perovskite synthesis or only after light, electron, or X-ray beam irradiation or thermal annealing. Here, we show that the quantity of metallic lead detected in perovskite crystals depends on the concentration and composition of the precursor solution. Through a controlled crystallization process, we grew black-colored mixed dimethylammonium (DMA)/methylammonium (MA) lead tribromide crystals. The black color is suggested to be due to the presence of small lead clusters. Despite the unexpected black coloring, the crystals show higher crystallinity and less defect density with respect to the standard yellow-colored DMA/MAPbBr3 crystals, as indicated by X-ray rocking curve and dark current measurements, respectively. While the formation of metallic lead could still be induced by external factors, the precursor solution composition and concentration can facilitate the formation of metallic lead during the crystallization process. Our results indicate that additional research is required to fully understand the perovskite precursor solution chemistry.
KW - crystallization
KW - light-induced
KW - metallic lead
KW - perovskites
KW - single crystals
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85162899178&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsami.3c03366
DO - 10.1021/acsami.3c03366
M3 - Article
C2 - 37259773
AN - SCOPUS:85162899178
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 15
SP - 28166
EP - 28174
JO - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
IS - 23
ER -