Methodological Framework for Density Estimation: Insights from Muography Laboratory Measurements and Simulations Experiments

Muography is a passive geophysical method that is advancing for multiple imaging applications. In this study, we present a methodological framework for muography to estimate density at a varying density-length. We utilized the muon absorption method to estimate material density, employing both experimental setups with plastic scintillator detectors, acrylic objects and simulations using the PHITS Monte Carlo code. By analyzing muon flux after passing through target materials, we compute an empirical model for density estimation. The findings demonstrate the technique's effectiveness in identifying density variations, with potential applications in geophysical exploration and geological studies. This research aims to advance the precision and reliability of muon-based density estimation by validating the density estimation using simulation and experimental approaches.