TY - JOUR
T1 - Managing Demand for Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Unbalanced LV Systems with Photovoltaics
AU - Akhavan-Rezai, Elham
AU - Shaaban, Mostafa F.
AU - El-Saadany, Ehab F.
AU - Karray, Fakhri
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 IEEE.
PY - 2017/6
Y1 - 2017/6
N2 - Although the future impact of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on distribution grids is disputed, all parties agree that mass operation of PEVs will greatly affect load profiles and grid assets. The large-scale penetration of domestic energy storage, such as with photovoltaics (PVs), into the edges of low-voltage grids is increasing the amount of customer-generated electricity. Distribution grids, which are inherently unbalanced, tend to become even more so with the uneven spread of PVs and PEVs. In combination, PEVs and local generation could provide voltage support for distribution networks, and support increased penetration. This paper develops an interactive energy management system for incorporating PEVs in demand response (DR). Using this system, owners can immediately choose whether they want to discharge their PEV battery back into the grid. The system not only provides owners with a flexible scheme for contributing to DR but also ensures that, through real-time collaboration of PEVs and PVs, the three-phase grid operates within acceptable voltage unbalance. An extensive performance evaluation using MATLAB/GAMS simulation of the 123-bus test system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
AB - Although the future impact of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on distribution grids is disputed, all parties agree that mass operation of PEVs will greatly affect load profiles and grid assets. The large-scale penetration of domestic energy storage, such as with photovoltaics (PVs), into the edges of low-voltage grids is increasing the amount of customer-generated electricity. Distribution grids, which are inherently unbalanced, tend to become even more so with the uneven spread of PVs and PEVs. In combination, PEVs and local generation could provide voltage support for distribution networks, and support increased penetration. This paper develops an interactive energy management system for incorporating PEVs in demand response (DR). Using this system, owners can immediately choose whether they want to discharge their PEV battery back into the grid. The system not only provides owners with a flexible scheme for contributing to DR but also ensures that, through real-time collaboration of PEVs and PVs, the three-phase grid operates within acceptable voltage unbalance. An extensive performance evaluation using MATLAB/GAMS simulation of the 123-bus test system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
KW - decision making
KW - Demand response (DR)
KW - energy management system (EMS)
KW - photovoltaic (PV)
KW - plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)
KW - power distribution systems
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85020677430&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TII.2017.2675481
DO - 10.1109/TII.2017.2675481
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85020677430
SN - 1551-3203
VL - 13
SP - 1057
EP - 1067
JO - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
JF - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
IS - 3
M1 - 7865962
ER -