Layered, tunable graphene oxide-nylon composite heterostructures for wearable electrocardiogram sensors

N. G. Hallfors; D. Maksimovski; I. A.H. Farhat; M. Abi Jaoude; A. R. Devarajan; K. Liao; M. Ismail; H. Pade; R. Y. Adhikari; A. F. Isakovic

doi:10.1063/5.0120774

Layered, tunable graphene oxide-nylon composite heterostructures for wearable electrocardiogram sensors

N. G. Hallfors, D. Maksimovski, I. A.H. Farhat, M. Abi Jaoude, A. R. Devarajan, K. Liao, M. Ismail, H. Pade, R. Y. Adhikari, A. F. Isakovic

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Abstract

Nanoscale engineered materials combined with wearable wireless technologies can deliver a new level of health monitoring. A reduced graphene oxide-nylon composite material is developed and tested, demonstrating its usefulness as a material for sensors in wearable, long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via a comparison to one of the widely used ECG sensors. The structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows a limited number of defects on a macroscopic scale. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of rGOx, and the ratio of D- and G-features as a function of thickness correlates with the resistivity analysis. The negligible effect of the defects and the tunability of electrical and optical properties, together with live ECG data, demonstrate its signal transduction capability. Other potential electronic and optical sensor uses beyond ECG are possible, given the controllable nature of the heterostructures and the correlation of transport and optical properties.

Original language	British English
Article number	013701
Journal	Applied Physics Letters
Volume	122
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0120774
State	Published - 2 Jan 2023

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title = "Layered, tunable graphene oxide-nylon composite heterostructures for wearable electrocardiogram sensors",

abstract = "Nanoscale engineered materials combined with wearable wireless technologies can deliver a new level of health monitoring. A reduced graphene oxide-nylon composite material is developed and tested, demonstrating its usefulness as a material for sensors in wearable, long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via a comparison to one of the widely used ECG sensors. The structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows a limited number of defects on a macroscopic scale. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of rGOx, and the ratio of D- and G-features as a function of thickness correlates with the resistivity analysis. The negligible effect of the defects and the tunability of electrical and optical properties, together with live ECG data, demonstrate its signal transduction capability. Other potential electronic and optical sensor uses beyond ECG are possible, given the controllable nature of the heterostructures and the correlation of transport and optical properties.",

author = "Hallfors, {N. G.} and D. Maksimovski and Farhat, {I. A.H.} and {Abi Jaoude}, M. and Devarajan, {A. R.} and K. Liao and M. Ismail and H. Pade and Adhikari, {R. Y.} and Isakovic, {A. F.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Mubadala-SRC through Grant No. 2013-HJ-2440 and, in part, through Grant No. SRC 2011-KJ-2190. K.L. and A.F.I. acknowledge funding from 2013-KUIRF-L2. A.F.I. acknowledges the support and hospitality of Cornell University Cornell CNF, funded through NSF. D.M., H.P., R.Y.A., and A.F.I. acknowledge the Summer Research Support at Colgate University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Author(s).",

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AU - Hallfors, N. G.

AU - Maksimovski, D.

AU - Farhat, I. A.H.

AU - Abi Jaoude, M.

AU - Devarajan, A. R.

AU - Liao, K.

AU - Ismail, M.

AU - Pade, H.

AU - Adhikari, R. Y.

AU - Isakovic, A. F.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Mubadala-SRC through Grant No. 2013-HJ-2440 and, in part, through Grant No. SRC 2011-KJ-2190. K.L. and A.F.I. acknowledge funding from 2013-KUIRF-L2. A.F.I. acknowledges the support and hospitality of Cornell University Cornell CNF, funded through NSF. D.M., H.P., R.Y.A., and A.F.I. acknowledge the Summer Research Support at Colgate University. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Author(s).

PY - 2023/1/2

Y1 - 2023/1/2

N2 - Nanoscale engineered materials combined with wearable wireless technologies can deliver a new level of health monitoring. A reduced graphene oxide-nylon composite material is developed and tested, demonstrating its usefulness as a material for sensors in wearable, long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via a comparison to one of the widely used ECG sensors. The structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows a limited number of defects on a macroscopic scale. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of rGOx, and the ratio of D- and G-features as a function of thickness correlates with the resistivity analysis. The negligible effect of the defects and the tunability of electrical and optical properties, together with live ECG data, demonstrate its signal transduction capability. Other potential electronic and optical sensor uses beyond ECG are possible, given the controllable nature of the heterostructures and the correlation of transport and optical properties.

AB - Nanoscale engineered materials combined with wearable wireless technologies can deliver a new level of health monitoring. A reduced graphene oxide-nylon composite material is developed and tested, demonstrating its usefulness as a material for sensors in wearable, long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via a comparison to one of the widely used ECG sensors. The structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows a limited number of defects on a macroscopic scale. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of rGOx, and the ratio of D- and G-features as a function of thickness correlates with the resistivity analysis. The negligible effect of the defects and the tunability of electrical and optical properties, together with live ECG data, demonstrate its signal transduction capability. Other potential electronic and optical sensor uses beyond ECG are possible, given the controllable nature of the heterostructures and the correlation of transport and optical properties.

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Layered, tunable graphene oxide-nylon composite heterostructures for wearable electrocardiogram sensors

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