TY - JOUR
T1 - Iotof
T2 - A long-reach fully passive low-rate upstream phy for iot over fiber
AU - Díaz, Camilo A.R.
AU - Leitão, Cátia
AU - Marques, Carlos A.
AU - Alberto, Nélia
AU - Fátima Domingues, M.
AU - Ribeiro, Tiago
AU - Pontes, Maria J.
AU - Frizera, Anselmo
AU - Antunes, Paulo F.C.
AU - André, Paulo S.
AU - Ribeiro, Moisés R.N.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: This work was partially supported by Petrobras S.A. 2017-00702/6, CAPES-financing code 001, CNPq-408480/2018-1, FAPES, in the scope of PVE/CNPq407093/2013-3, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, and Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication. This work was financed in the scope of programs UID/EEA/50008/2013, UID/ CTM/50025/2013 and UID/EEA/50008/2019, by the National Funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/ Ministério da Educação e Ciência, and by the European Regional Development Fund under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This work is also funded by national funds (OE), through FCT, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. Nélia Alberto and M. Fátima Domingues thank the support received from the PREDICT (FCT-IT-LA) and REAct (FCT-IL-LA) scientific actions, respectively. FUTEBOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement No. 688941 (FUTEBOL), as well from the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) through RNP and CTIC.
Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by Petrobras S.A. 2017-00702/6, CAPES-financing code 001, CNPq-408480/2018-1, FAPES, in the scope of PVE/CNPq407093/2013-3, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, and Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication. This work was financed in the scope of programs UID/EEA/50008/2013, UID/ CTM/50025/2013 and UID/EEA/50008/2019, by the National Funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/ Ministério da Educação e Ciência, and by the European Regional Development Fund under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This work is also funded by national funds (OE), through FCT, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. Nélia Alberto and M. Fátima Domingues thank the support received from the PREDICT (FCT-IT-LA) and REAct (FCT-IL-LA) scientific actions, respectively. FUTEBOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement No. 688941 (FUTEBOL), as well from the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) through RNP and CTIC.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/3
Y1 - 2019/3
N2 - Internet of things (IoT) devices heavily rely on wireless connectivity. There are intrinsic overlooked limitations such as reach, availability, security and safety vulnerabilities closely associated with wireless solutions. Wired connectivity is the alternative to tackle those issues, and optical fibers directly connecting IoT devices could provide them unique features such as huge bandwidth, long reach, signal integrity and high security grade for the transmitted information. Nevertheless, it can be prohibitive for IoT devices which are power hungry and have costly electrical-to-optical conversions. In this paper, first, a niche is identified for IoT over fiber (IoToF) based on fully passive optical solutions for long reach upstream of low data rate optical connectivity over dark fibers. Then, we proposed, implemented and characterized a prototype physical connectivity (PHY) based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) low-cost acousto-optic modulation at IoT devices and respective optical edge-filtering as wavelength discriminator at the receiver. Finally, we performed an experimental demonstration of upstream data communication based on simple M-ary frequency-shift keying (FSK), with baud rate of 300 bps transmitted over 30 km range. In terms of data rate and reach for niche applications, IoToF can outperform traditional wireless technologies, such as Sigfox or LoRa. IoToF will enable monitoring urban areas with scarce and polluted spectrum, industrial areas requiring intrinsic safety, and upstreaming data from IoT devices in remote locations with unfavorable wireless propagation but with dark fibers available.
AB - Internet of things (IoT) devices heavily rely on wireless connectivity. There are intrinsic overlooked limitations such as reach, availability, security and safety vulnerabilities closely associated with wireless solutions. Wired connectivity is the alternative to tackle those issues, and optical fibers directly connecting IoT devices could provide them unique features such as huge bandwidth, long reach, signal integrity and high security grade for the transmitted information. Nevertheless, it can be prohibitive for IoT devices which are power hungry and have costly electrical-to-optical conversions. In this paper, first, a niche is identified for IoT over fiber (IoToF) based on fully passive optical solutions for long reach upstream of low data rate optical connectivity over dark fibers. Then, we proposed, implemented and characterized a prototype physical connectivity (PHY) based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) low-cost acousto-optic modulation at IoT devices and respective optical edge-filtering as wavelength discriminator at the receiver. Finally, we performed an experimental demonstration of upstream data communication based on simple M-ary frequency-shift keying (FSK), with baud rate of 300 bps transmitted over 30 km range. In terms of data rate and reach for niche applications, IoToF can outperform traditional wireless technologies, such as Sigfox or LoRa. IoToF will enable monitoring urban areas with scarce and polluted spectrum, industrial areas requiring intrinsic safety, and upstreaming data from IoT devices in remote locations with unfavorable wireless propagation but with dark fibers available.
KW - Acousto-optic modulator
KW - Fiber Bragg gratings
KW - Frequency-shift keying
KW - Internet of things
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064153103&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/electronics8030359
DO - 10.3390/electronics8030359
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85064153103
SN - 2079-9292
VL - 8
JO - Electronics (Switzerland)
JF - Electronics (Switzerland)
IS - 3
M1 - 359
ER -