TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating the characteristics of cactus seeds by-product and their use as a new filler in phenol formaldehyde wood adhesive
AU - Ait Benhamou, Anass
AU - Boussetta, Abdelghani
AU - Kassab, Zineb
AU - Nadifiyine, Mehdi
AU - Hamid Salim, Mohamed
AU - Grimi, Nabil
AU - EL Achaby, Mounir
AU - Moubarik, Amine
N1 - Funding Information:
The financial assistance of the Moroccan National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) toward this research is hereby acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Dr. Youssef TAMRAOUI from Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) for his help to achieve the XRD analysis of the studied materials. Acknowledgements are extended also to Mr. Rachid Rhaza for his help in providing raw material.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - The current study investigates the properties of cactus waste seeds (CWS) unexplored by-product as partial replacement of phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesives in comparison to previously used olive stones (OS) for the production of wood composites. The chemical composition, structure, and thermal properties of CWS were studied for the first time to evaluate their suitability for incorporation into PF resins. The bonding strength, wood failure, and rheological properties of the formulated adhesives were investigated as well as the mechanical properties of the plywoods panels. The results showed that CWS could be considered as a new lignocellulosic resource, showing a higher amount of cellulose content (27%) compared to OS (15%). The crystallinity and thermal stability were higher in CWS, which was expected to improve the performance of the formulated adhesives positively. Moreover, the resins containing 10% and 15% of CWS and OS, respectively, showed comparable bonding strength and wood failure to that of a control PF resin. While plywood bonded with 10% of CWS:PF resin showed better mechanical performance in dry, cold, and 8h boiling water conditions than other adhesives, formaldehyde emission levels of bonded panels with both formulations were lower than those of a control PF.
AB - The current study investigates the properties of cactus waste seeds (CWS) unexplored by-product as partial replacement of phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesives in comparison to previously used olive stones (OS) for the production of wood composites. The chemical composition, structure, and thermal properties of CWS were studied for the first time to evaluate their suitability for incorporation into PF resins. The bonding strength, wood failure, and rheological properties of the formulated adhesives were investigated as well as the mechanical properties of the plywoods panels. The results showed that CWS could be considered as a new lignocellulosic resource, showing a higher amount of cellulose content (27%) compared to OS (15%). The crystallinity and thermal stability were higher in CWS, which was expected to improve the performance of the formulated adhesives positively. Moreover, the resins containing 10% and 15% of CWS and OS, respectively, showed comparable bonding strength and wood failure to that of a control PF resin. While plywood bonded with 10% of CWS:PF resin showed better mechanical performance in dry, cold, and 8h boiling water conditions than other adhesives, formaldehyde emission levels of bonded panels with both formulations were lower than those of a control PF.
KW - By-product
KW - Cactus waste seeds
KW - Phenol formaldehyde
KW - Wood composites
KW - Wood-adhesives
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111307330&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.102940
DO - 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.102940
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85111307330
SN - 0143-7496
VL - 110
JO - International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives
JF - International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives
M1 - 102940
ER -