Introduction to electrochemical membrane technology

This chapter offers a concise and comprehensive introduction to electrochemical membrane (ECM) processes, covering fundamental concepts and practical applications. Key terminologies are defined and the transport mechanism of ionic species are explained, providing a foundation for understanding ECM processes. The working principles of ECM processes are clarified, offering a clear understanding of their functionality. The chapter explores ECM technology applications within the circular economy context, including electrodialysis, electro-forward osmosis, electro-membrane bioreactor (eMBR), bioelectrochemical systems, and electrothermal membranes. These applications are discussed across different scales, from bench to pilot to large-scale operations. The chapter also highlights the broad areas where ECM processes are utilized, such as environmental remediation, energy conversion and storage, and resource recovery. This chapter serves as a comprehensive introductory reference for students and researchers seeking information on ECM processes. It consolidates fundamental knowledge and provides valuable insights into the applications and potential of ECM technology in various fields.