Indoor air quality assessment in an underground parking facility

This paper presents an indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment in a representative underground parking facility (UPF) using carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds as IAQ indicators. For this purpose, concentrations of both pollutants were measured at different time intervals throughout the day. Vehicular emission factors (EFs) were estimated using the EMFAC7F1.1 model. A transient mass balance model was then applied to construct concentration profiles. The ventilation rates required to maintain pollutant concentrations within acceptable standards were estimated under maximum UPF occupancy, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of changes in EMFAC7F1.1 input parameters on EFs and ventilation rates.