Impact of Inverter-Based Resources on Different Implementation Methods for Distance Relays - Part I: Phase Comparators

Amin Banaiemoqadam; Ali Azizi; Ali Hooshyar; Mital G. Kanabar; Ehab Fahamy El-Saadany

doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3301509

Impact of Inverter-Based Resources on Different Implementation Methods for Distance Relays - Part I: Phase Comparators

Amin Banaiemoqadam, Ali Azizi, Ali Hooshyar, Mital G. Kanabar, Ehab Fahamy El-Saadany

Electrical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Unconventional fault currents of inverter-based resources (IBRs) can adversely impact distance relays. Despite extensive investigation in the literature, the available studies on this topic mostly suffer from three main shortcomings: (i) they consider only the apparent-impedance-based implementation method of distance protection and do not cover the methods used by relay manufacturers to realize the distance element, (ii) they focus on only the relays that protect the direct tie-lines of IBRs, severely limiting the benefits of these studies for future IBR-centric grids, and (iii) they do not consider the requirements of recent grid codes and standards for the low-voltage ride-through current of IBRs. This article addresses these three shortcomings. Part I of this article is on distance relays that use phase comparators. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

Original language	American English
Pages (from-to)	4090-4102
Number of pages	13
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
Volume	38
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3301509
State	Published - 2023

Keywords

Comparators (optical)
Electric current measurement
Electric fault currents
Electric inverters
Electric power system protection
Phase comparators
Timing circuits
Circuit faults
Distance relay
Grid codes
Impedance
Inverte-based resource
Inverter-based
Line protection
Protective relaying
Radiofrequencies
Resistance
Relay protection

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https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166751896&doi=10.1109%2fTPWRD.2023.3301509&partnerID=40&md5=c001d7411ec6d96f72269db29b4cc201

Cite this

@article{8b1bc192741643aa836ac09082218b2d,

title = "Impact of Inverter-Based Resources on Different Implementation Methods for Distance Relays - Part I: Phase Comparators",

abstract = "Unconventional fault currents of inverter-based resources (IBRs) can adversely impact distance relays. Despite extensive investigation in the literature, the available studies on this topic mostly suffer from three main shortcomings: (i) they consider only the apparent-impedance-based implementation method of distance protection and do not cover the methods used by relay manufacturers to realize the distance element, (ii) they focus on only the relays that protect the direct tie-lines of IBRs, severely limiting the benefits of these studies for future IBR-centric grids, and (iii) they do not consider the requirements of recent grid codes and standards for the low-voltage ride-through current of IBRs. This article addresses these three shortcomings. Part I of this article is on distance relays that use phase comparators. {\textcopyright} 1986-2012 IEEE.",

keywords = "Comparators (optical), Electric current measurement, Electric fault currents, Electric inverters, Electric power system protection, Phase comparators, Timing circuits, Circuit faults, Distance relay, Grid codes, Impedance, Inverte-based resource, Inverter-based, Line protection, Protective relaying, Radiofrequencies, Resistance, Relay protection",

author = "Amin Banaiemoqadam and Ali Azizi and Ali Hooshyar and Kanabar, {Mital G.} and El-Saadany, {Ehab Fahamy}",

note = "cited By 3",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3301509",

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volume = "38",

pages = "4090--4102",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery",

issn = "0885-8977",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Impact of Inverter-Based Resources on Different Implementation Methods for Distance Relays - Part I: Phase Comparators

AU - Banaiemoqadam, Amin

AU - Azizi, Ali

AU - Hooshyar, Ali

AU - Kanabar, Mital G.

AU - El-Saadany, Ehab Fahamy

N1 - cited By 3

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Unconventional fault currents of inverter-based resources (IBRs) can adversely impact distance relays. Despite extensive investigation in the literature, the available studies on this topic mostly suffer from three main shortcomings: (i) they consider only the apparent-impedance-based implementation method of distance protection and do not cover the methods used by relay manufacturers to realize the distance element, (ii) they focus on only the relays that protect the direct tie-lines of IBRs, severely limiting the benefits of these studies for future IBR-centric grids, and (iii) they do not consider the requirements of recent grid codes and standards for the low-voltage ride-through current of IBRs. This article addresses these three shortcomings. Part I of this article is on distance relays that use phase comparators. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

AB - Unconventional fault currents of inverter-based resources (IBRs) can adversely impact distance relays. Despite extensive investigation in the literature, the available studies on this topic mostly suffer from three main shortcomings: (i) they consider only the apparent-impedance-based implementation method of distance protection and do not cover the methods used by relay manufacturers to realize the distance element, (ii) they focus on only the relays that protect the direct tie-lines of IBRs, severely limiting the benefits of these studies for future IBR-centric grids, and (iii) they do not consider the requirements of recent grid codes and standards for the low-voltage ride-through current of IBRs. This article addresses these three shortcomings. Part I of this article is on distance relays that use phase comparators. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

KW - Comparators (optical)

KW - Electric current measurement

KW - Electric fault currents

KW - Electric inverters

KW - Electric power system protection

KW - Phase comparators

KW - Timing circuits

KW - Circuit faults

KW - Distance relay

KW - Grid codes

KW - Impedance

KW - Inverte-based resource

KW - Inverter-based

KW - Line protection

KW - Protective relaying

KW - Radiofrequencies

KW - Resistance

KW - Relay protection

U2 - 10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3301509

DO - 10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3301509

M3 - Article

SN - 0885-8977

VL - 38

SP - 4090

EP - 4102

JO - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

IS - 6

ER -

Impact of Inverter-Based Resources on Different Implementation Methods for Distance Relays - Part I: Phase Comparators

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Keywords

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