Illustration of demand response supported co-ordinated system performance evaluation of YSGA optimized dual stage PIFOD-(1 + PI) controller employed with wind-tidal-biodiesel based independent two-area interconnected microgrid system

This study proposes an earliest approach toward coordinated frequency stabilisation of wind turbine driven generatortidalpower generation-biodiesel driven generator-micro-turbine generator-based islanded two-area interconnected microgridsystem with demand response support (DRS) mechanism. A recent bio-inspired optimisation technique, named yellow saddlegoatfish algorithm (YSGA) is employed to optimally tune the controller gains. The comparative dynamic performance ofconventional proportional-integral-derivative (CPID), fractional order (FO) PID, dual-stage PIFOD-one plus PI [PIFOD-(1 + PI)]controllers' parameters optimised by several algorithmic tools such as particle swarm optimisation, firefly algorithmic tool, salpswarm technique and YSGA clearly designates the superiority of YSGA-PIFOD-(1 + PI) controller under different scenarios(considering the real-time recorded wind and load data) in terms of change in frequency, tie-line power fluctuation and objectivefunction. Furthermore, the impact of the DRS mechanism in both areas is analysed first time under real-time wind and loaddisturbances. Finally, the rigorous sensitivity analysis of YSGA-optimised PIFOD-(1 + PI) controller has been conducted with thevariation of wind turbine driven generator gain, ±30% change in synchronising tie-line factor, frequency bias value, microgridsystem time constant and + 30% change in loading magnitude without retuning the optimal base condition values.