Hybrid Volcanic Episodes within the Orientale Basin, Moon

Basalts from Mare Orientale are representative of lunar flood volcanism, which sheds light on the lunar farside’s thermal and volcanic past. We use Chandrayaan’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper data to examine the spectral and chemical makeup of the volcanic units located in the Orientale basin; the analysis specifically focuses on three formations: Mare Orientale, Lacus Veris, and Lacus Autumni. The main assemblage in these basaltic units consists of calcic augite and ferroaugite. Pyroxenes in the Orientale volcanic units have an average chemical composition of En_35.53 Fs_34.11 Wo_30.35. The trend in the composition of pigeonites and augites suggests that the magma was fractionated as it crystallized. The pyroxene quadrilateral plot’s distinct chemical trends indicate that the Orientale Basin underwent a number of volcanic eruptions from heterogeneous magma sources during the Imbrium to Eratosthenian period.