Heat transport study of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow under magnetic dipole together with nonlinear thermal radiation

The distinctive enhancement of thermal efficiency and improvement of the energy exchange rate as applied in the dynamics of fuels and cooling in vehicles have led to a growing knowledge of hybrid nanofluid. However, the idea of water-based nanoliquid incorporating triple different forms of solid nanoparticles with different densities and outlines (known as ternary hybrid nanofluid) remains fantastic. In this work, we investigated the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation on the MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) flow of a couple stress water-based nano, hybrid, and ternary hybrid nanofluids on a stretching sheet. The nanoparticles SiO₂, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃ are immersed in base fluid H₂O resulting in ternary hybrid nanofluid (SiO₂ + TiO₂ + Al₂O₃/H₂O). Magnetic dipole effects are also factored into the model equation. Employing suitable similarity parameters, the dimensional equations of motion and heat that characterize the aforesaid transfer mechanism were transformed into nonlinear differential equations. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to solve the transformed model set of equations via Mathematica software. Various graphs are used to evaluate and assess the effects of various identifying model factors on (nano, hybrid, and ternary hybrid nanofluid) velocity and temperature fields. In the presence of a magnetic dipole, a rise in ϕ reduces the fluid velocity and increases the temperature fields. Furthermore, the estimated values of the engineering quantities of importance (C_f, Nu ) are tabulated and explained. It is also be observed that skin friction declines with the larger amount of the nanoparticle volume fractions ϕSiO2,ϕTiO2,ϕAl2O3. Some potential uses for this research include high-temperature and cooling processes, aerospace technologies, medications, metallic coatings, and biosensors, to name a few.