Growth and characterization of ceria thin films and Ce-doped γ-Al₂O₃ nanowires using sol-gel techniques

γ-Al₂O₃ is a well known catalyst support. The addition of Ce to γ-Al₂O₃ is known to beneficially retard the phase transformation of γ-Al₂O₃ to γ-Al₂O₃ and stabilize the γ-pore structure. In this work, Ce-doped γ-Al₂O₃ nanowires have been prepared by a novel method employing an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template in a 0.01 M cerium nitrate solution, assisted by urea hydrolysis. Calcination at 500 °C for 6 h resulted in the crystallization of the Ce-doped AlOOH gel to form Ce-doped γ-Al₂O₃ nanowires. Ce³⁺ ions within the nanowires were present at a concentration of < 1 at.%. On the template surface, a nanocrystalline CeO₂ thin film was deposited with a cubic fluorite structure and a crystallite size of 6-7 nm. Characterization of the nanowires and thin films was performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The nanowire formation mechanism and urea hydrolysis kinetics are discussed in terms of the pH evolution during the reaction. The Ce-doped γ-Al ₂O₃ nanowires are likely to find useful applications in catalysis and this novel method can be exploited further for doping alumina nanowires with other rare earth elements.