TY - JOUR
T1 - Green synthesized nano-cellulose polyethylene imine-based biological membrane
AU - Waheed, Hizba
AU - Farrukh, Sarah
AU - Hussain, Arshad
AU - Mukhtar, Amir
AU - Mubashir, Muhammad
AU - Saqib, Sidra
AU - Ullah, Sami
AU - Peter, Angela Paul
AU - Khoo, Kuan Shiong
AU - Show, Pau Loke
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors duly acknowledged the financial support of MEMAR Lab, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology ( NUST ), Islamabad, Pakistan. Authors are also thankful to the Asia Pacific University of Technology & innovation (APU), Malaysia for the technical support. The author Sami Ullah would like to acknowledge the partial support of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia (Deanship of Scientific Research) for providing the support through the Research Groups Project under the grant number ( R.G.P.2/169/42 ).
Funding Information:
Authors duly acknowledged the financial support of MEMAR Lab, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. Authors are also thankful to the Asia Pacific University of Technology & innovation (APU), Malaysia for the technical support. The author Sami Ullah would like to acknowledge the partial support of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia (Deanship of Scientific Research) for providing the support through the Research Groups Project under the grant number (R.G.P.2/169/42).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - In hemodialysis process, membrane serves as a barrier between blood and the dialysate. The barrier when contacted by blood accompanied activation of coagulation, immunity, and cellular passageways. In the recent years, hemodialysis membrane's biocompatibility has become a issue which leads to reduce the performance during the separation process. In previous work, we developed and evaluated a cellulose-based membrane blended with polyaziridine or polyetyleneimine in formic acid for hydrophilicity, pure water flux, surface morphology, and permeation efficiency. Biocompatibility was accessed, by conducting cellular viability and cellular attachments tests. In this study, the membrane compared to a non-treated control, and cell viability revealed active and growing cell cultures after 14 days. During the cellular attachment experiment, cell cultures attached to the fabricated membrane simulated the formation of cell junctions, proving that the membrane is non-toxic and biocompatible. CA + PEI + FA membrane tested with a blood mimic fluid having density identical to renal patient's blood. The BSA concentration in the feed solution was the same as that in the blood of the renal patient. The results revealed that the CA + PEI + FA membrane was able to reject 99% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 69.6% urea. Therefore, from biocompatibility and blood mimic fluid testing, it is confirmed that the CA + PEI + FA membrane is the finest implant for dialysis applications.
AB - In hemodialysis process, membrane serves as a barrier between blood and the dialysate. The barrier when contacted by blood accompanied activation of coagulation, immunity, and cellular passageways. In the recent years, hemodialysis membrane's biocompatibility has become a issue which leads to reduce the performance during the separation process. In previous work, we developed and evaluated a cellulose-based membrane blended with polyaziridine or polyetyleneimine in formic acid for hydrophilicity, pure water flux, surface morphology, and permeation efficiency. Biocompatibility was accessed, by conducting cellular viability and cellular attachments tests. In this study, the membrane compared to a non-treated control, and cell viability revealed active and growing cell cultures after 14 days. During the cellular attachment experiment, cell cultures attached to the fabricated membrane simulated the formation of cell junctions, proving that the membrane is non-toxic and biocompatible. CA + PEI + FA membrane tested with a blood mimic fluid having density identical to renal patient's blood. The BSA concentration in the feed solution was the same as that in the blood of the renal patient. The results revealed that the CA + PEI + FA membrane was able to reject 99% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 69.6% urea. Therefore, from biocompatibility and blood mimic fluid testing, it is confirmed that the CA + PEI + FA membrane is the finest implant for dialysis applications.
KW - Biocompatibility
KW - Blood mimic fluid
KW - Hemodialysis operation
KW - Membrane
KW - Polyethylene imine
KW - Urea clearance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122240295&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112773
DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112773
M3 - Article
C2 - 34953965
AN - SCOPUS:85122240295
SN - 0278-6915
VL - 160
JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology
JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology
M1 - 112773
ER -