Green extraction of volatile fatty acids from fermented wastewater using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents

Ahmad Darwish; Samah E.E. Warrag; Tarek Lemaoui; Maha K. Alseiari; Farah Abu Hatab; Ramis Rafay; Inas Alnashef; Jorge Rodríguez; Nahla Alamoodi

doi:10.3390/fermentation7040226

Green extraction of volatile fatty acids from fermented wastewater using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents

Ahmad Darwish, Samah E.E. Warrag, Tarek Lemaoui, Maha K. Alseiari, Farah Abu Hatab, Ramis Rafay, Inas Alnashef, Jorge Rodríguez, Nahla Alamoodi

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

38 Scopus citations

Abstract

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are carboxylic acids mainly produced via the fermentation of organic waste streams. Being industrial platform chemicals, sustainable, green and economical recovery of VFAs is necessary. Herein, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES), “a new generation of water‐immiscible designer solvents”, were assessed for the recovery of VFAs via liquid–liquid extraction. The eutectic mixture of menthol‐lauric acid exhibited the highest stability and hydrophobicity. The binary solubility of the pairs {VFA in water} and {VFA in HDES}—and the saturation of the HDES with water were measured. Furthermore, the influences of key parameters on the extraction efficiency were investigated. On multi‐stage extraction, an efficiency of 88% was achieved in 4 stages, and the HDES was successfully regenerated using vacuum evaporation. The HDES performance was also compared to other reported relevant solvents. It was concluded that menthol-lauric acid HDES is a promising candidate for the green extraction of VFAs from fermented wastewater.

Original language	British English
Article number	226
Journal	Fermentation
Volume	7
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040226
State	Published - Dec 2021

Keywords

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents
Liquid–liquid extraction
Platform chemicals
Volatile fatty acids recovery

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/fermentation7040226

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title = "Green extraction of volatile fatty acids from fermented wastewater using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents",

abstract = "Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are carboxylic acids mainly produced via the fermentation of organic waste streams. Being industrial platform chemicals, sustainable, green and economical recovery of VFAs is necessary. Herein, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES), “a new generation of water‐immiscible designer solvents”, were assessed for the recovery of VFAs via liquid–liquid extraction. The eutectic mixture of menthol‐lauric acid exhibited the highest stability and hydrophobicity. The binary solubility of the pairs {VFA in water} and {VFA in HDES}—and the saturation of the HDES with water were measured. Furthermore, the influences of key parameters on the extraction efficiency were investigated. On multi‐stage extraction, an efficiency of 88% was achieved in 4 stages, and the HDES was successfully regenerated using vacuum evaporation. The HDES performance was also compared to other reported relevant solvents. It was concluded that menthol-lauric acid HDES is a promising candidate for the green extraction of VFAs from fermented wastewater.",

keywords = "Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents, Liquid–liquid extraction, Platform chemicals, Volatile fatty acids recovery",

author = "Ahmad Darwish and Warrag, {Samah E.E.} and Tarek Lemaoui and Alseiari, {Maha K.} and Hatab, {Farah Abu} and Ramis Rafay and Inas Alnashef and Jorge Rodr{\'i}guez and Nahla Alamoodi",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by Khalifa University, grants number CIRA‐2018‐84 and CIRA‐ 2018‐23 and by Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and H2 (RICH, RC2‐2019‐007) at Khalifa University. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank our colleagues Ali A. Alnajjar and Ghaiath Almustafa from Khalifa University for their continuous and valuable help. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT, RC2‐2018‐009) and the Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and H2 (RICH, RC2‐2019‐007) at Khalifa University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.3390/fermentation7040226",

language = "British English",

volume = "7",

journal = "Fermentation",

issn = "2311-5637",

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T1 - Green extraction of volatile fatty acids from fermented wastewater using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents

AU - Darwish, Ahmad

AU - Warrag, Samah E.E.

AU - Lemaoui, Tarek

AU - Alseiari, Maha K.

AU - Hatab, Farah Abu

AU - Rafay, Ramis

AU - Alnashef, Inas

AU - Rodríguez, Jorge

AU - Alamoodi, Nahla

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by Khalifa University, grants number CIRA‐2018‐84 and CIRA‐ 2018‐23 and by Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and H2 (RICH, RC2‐2019‐007) at Khalifa University. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank our colleagues Ali A. Alnajjar and Ghaiath Almustafa from Khalifa University for their continuous and valuable help. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT, RC2‐2018‐009) and the Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and H2 (RICH, RC2‐2019‐007) at Khalifa University. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are carboxylic acids mainly produced via the fermentation of organic waste streams. Being industrial platform chemicals, sustainable, green and economical recovery of VFAs is necessary. Herein, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES), “a new generation of water‐immiscible designer solvents”, were assessed for the recovery of VFAs via liquid–liquid extraction. The eutectic mixture of menthol‐lauric acid exhibited the highest stability and hydrophobicity. The binary solubility of the pairs {VFA in water} and {VFA in HDES}—and the saturation of the HDES with water were measured. Furthermore, the influences of key parameters on the extraction efficiency were investigated. On multi‐stage extraction, an efficiency of 88% was achieved in 4 stages, and the HDES was successfully regenerated using vacuum evaporation. The HDES performance was also compared to other reported relevant solvents. It was concluded that menthol-lauric acid HDES is a promising candidate for the green extraction of VFAs from fermented wastewater.

AB - Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are carboxylic acids mainly produced via the fermentation of organic waste streams. Being industrial platform chemicals, sustainable, green and economical recovery of VFAs is necessary. Herein, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES), “a new generation of water‐immiscible designer solvents”, were assessed for the recovery of VFAs via liquid–liquid extraction. The eutectic mixture of menthol‐lauric acid exhibited the highest stability and hydrophobicity. The binary solubility of the pairs {VFA in water} and {VFA in HDES}—and the saturation of the HDES with water were measured. Furthermore, the influences of key parameters on the extraction efficiency were investigated. On multi‐stage extraction, an efficiency of 88% was achieved in 4 stages, and the HDES was successfully regenerated using vacuum evaporation. The HDES performance was also compared to other reported relevant solvents. It was concluded that menthol-lauric acid HDES is a promising candidate for the green extraction of VFAs from fermented wastewater.

KW - Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents

KW - Liquid–liquid extraction

KW - Platform chemicals

KW - Volatile fatty acids recovery

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U2 - 10.3390/fermentation7040226

DO - 10.3390/fermentation7040226

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85117521417

SN - 2311-5637

VL - 7

JO - Fermentation

JF - Fermentation

IS - 4

M1 - 226

ER -

Green extraction of volatile fatty acids from fermented wastewater using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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